It is at this point in the confrontation that the first officer loses his weapon to Rodriguez. Mr. Bagley, who says he is a ''Jack Mormon,'' or lapsed believer, contends that the attack had less to do with greed than ideology. [25][26] Prior to his execution, Lee claimed that he was a scapegoat for others involved: I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young. A BYU education should be spiritually strengthening, intellectually enlarging, and character building, leading to . The 59-year-old woman was found at 2 p.m. inside a Flushing home laying face down on a bed with multiple stab wounds . ''The idea that this was an Indian massacre is just absurd,'' Ms. Denton said, citing a 1999 forensic analysis that found that many of the victims had died from gunshot wounds to the head. While this Indian council is important and requires extended scholarly discussion, this much can be said: No evidence suggests the councils focus was the Baker-Fancher party, much less its destruction. Fifty-three years ago Juanita Brooks' classic study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, concluded the crime was the result of one unfortunate . ken james becky sampson ken james becky sampson. He said it was the greatest work and the clearest of error he had ever seen, the Bible not excepted (see The Faithful Young Family"). Militia orders to the Mormon army carried Youngs words on the reverse: Shed no blood., When the books are opened in the day of judgment, declared an associate who was at his side in 1857, these things will be proven to heaven and earth.. There is room for my brown paper-doll family: 2 gospel truths I learned as a young girl that carry my faith, 7 Latter-day Saint resources that answer questions about death and the spirit world, See the stunning winners of the Churchs International Art Competition. Will Bagley, a history columnist for the Salt Lake Tribune, is the author of Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows published by the University of Oklahoma Press. 25 years after he murdered their mom, his kids disagree whether he should be released. [10] After delivering the letter to Young, Haslam was told to rest for a few hours then return to pick up the reply. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. (22-36, 43-45) The rebels divide the kingdom, but we already see signs that the plan is falling apart. [6] Young was present in Richmond, Missouri when Cowdery died. Three of them bore him children. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. John presided over the first group he led. In 1840 Brigham Young traveled to England, where he took charge of missionary efforts, supervising the dramatic growth of Mormonism in that country. Adding fuel to Mormon rage, they argue, was the killing, a few months before the massacre, of Apostle Parley P. Pratt. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. After enduring a four-day gun battle with their attackers, the pioneers accepted a truce that turned out to be a deadly ploy. [4] By 1841 he had relocated to Nauvoo. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. Children who survived the massacre later described seeing their parents' clothes and jewelry on the bodies of local settlers. Two men in their late 30s and three teenagers were like "a pack" as they hunted down a 14-year-old boy in broad daylight before he was fatally stabbed, a murder trial has heard. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. While looking at a Tombstone photo, I saw a sign that says mule and ox shoes to order. "If we only looked at what Brigham Young said in 1845, we would miss . In 1835, the Three Witnesses selected Young as one of the inaugural members of the Quorum of the Twelve. The evidence has been so corruptedsuppressed, destroyed, and fabricatedits hard to determine the date the murders took place, let alone trace all the ins and outs of the conspiracy behind the crime. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. There is a logic to this. Brigham Young did the painting of the interior of that temple and Lorenzo Dow Young did the plastering of the outside of it, with the help, of course, of others. So do some authors whove written about the Mountain Meadows Massacre. There are two ways to interpret the evidence about who ordered the brutal murder of 120 men, women and children at a remote Utah oasis on the road to California on September 11, 1857. [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. Mr. Bagley and Ms. Denton dismiss these explanations as falsehoods planted to deflect blame from church headquarters. Young read the Bible verse the soldiers had inscribed on a cedar cross atop the monument: Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord., It should read, he said, Vengeance is mine, and I have taken a little. Young then directed the desecration of the grave. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. Their corpses, stripped of clothes and jewelry, were left to be picked apart by wolves and buzzards. These men later insisted that no orders had come from Salt Lake City, and this testimony included that given by those who in later life left Utah and Mormonism. Brigham Young took care to never "let an opportunity pass of getting with the Prophet Joseph and of hearing him speak in public or in private, so that I might draw understanding from the fountain from which he spoke." "This," he insisted, "is the secret of the success of your humble servant" (Brigham Young, JD 12:269-70 [16 August . She has two songs in the LDS hymnbook, is mother of six children, 10 grand, 5 great grandchildren. Brigham Young had no tolerance for Mormons who began to doubt the faith. Phineas Howe Young (also found as Phinehas) (February 16, 1799 - October 10, 1879) was a prominent early convert in the Latter Day Saint movement and was later a Mormon pioneer and a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). On one occasion she told me that if I would not neglect to pray to my Heavenly Father, he would send a guardian angel to protect me in the dangers to which I might be exposed (see The Faithful Young Family"). Brigham Young Did It. Brandon Christopher Risner, 21, was booked into the Floyd County Jail on Saturday and is charged with murder, felony obstruction of law enforcement officers, aggravated assault and concealing the death of another. His son Phineas was 15 . True West asked the authors of both books to lay out their claims. . Federal investigators suspected Brigham Young of having had a hand in the crime but failed to produce sufficient evidence to convict him. Darriynn Brown has been charged with the murder of Cash Gernon. Even on the day of the slaughter, couriers were reportedly hurrying from Cedar City30 miles to the eastto call it off. He did not murder his own parents," she says. (Young had at least 20 wives -- by some estimates as many as 56 -- and up to 57 children.). Fifty-three years ago Juanita Brooks classic study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, concluded the crime was the result of one unfortunate circumstance after another. While several reasons for this statement may be suggested, most persuasive is the ebb and flow of the local decision-making during the weeklong event. Stubborn facts. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. After Cowdery was excommunicated from the church in 1838, Young wrote him several letters pleading with him to come back into the church. Two new books are reviving old accusations that Mormon leader Brigham Young masterminded massacre of 120 men, women and children who were slain at Mountain Meadows in southern Utah on Sept 11 . About. But we only make the tragedy worse by saying that it was something other than what it wasby trying to fit events into a pre-conceived theory of conspiracy. There are no other trains going south that I know of[.] The rapper's . And he learned from Joseph Smith how men . You must not meddle with them. The following are a few facts necessary for an understanding of this terrible event in Western and Mormon history. Aaron William Davis, 21, of Cumming, Georgia, died from multiple . Like. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? The official website of Brigham Young University | Provo, UT. We will always love him and miss him, Randy Davis, Davis father, wrote in a Facebook post Monday. A Bronx teenager was dragged from a store by a group of men, repeatedly stabbed on the sidewalk and left to die in a brutal murder that has sparked widespread outrage in the city . This railroad operated between 1871 and 1881 and was founded by prominent Mormons such as Joseph A. Decades later, Young's son, who was 13 in 1857, said that he was in the office during that meeting and that he remembered Lee blaming the massacre on the Native Americans. They are, from left, Lorenzo Dow Young, Brigham Young, Phineas Howe Young, Joseph Young and John Young Jr. the man was tired of Philip so at the wedding the man stabbed Philip. But neither author uncovered written proof that Young had ordered the massacre. Theres one answer to all these questions: Brigham Young ordered the murders as a righteous act of vengeance. The document is among the Brigham Young Office Papers at the Church History Library. Americans enjoy a good mystery, and they like conspiracies. The standoff, which lasted until the Army entered Salt Lake City and installed the new governor in June 1858, is known as the Utah War. Copy. On April 15, 1832, Young and his brother John were baptized into the Latter Day Saint Church of Christ. The Indians initiated the assault, he wrote, and Mormon settlers joined them only reluctantly, fearing reprisals if they did not. We were so excited to see where his future was heading.. Bottom line: Yes, Brigham Young was clearly a racist. It was understood that any children by the second husband would be considered the progeny of the first. Such ceremonies usually occurred when a widow was sealed to her dead husband for eternity and to a living husband for time in the same ceremony. As one of John D. Lees wives put it, The Mormons were so insulted and indignant over the death or murder of Pratt that they Raked untold Vengeance on the poor Emigrants.. "What I'm hoping for is to close this chapter, is to . But its not a formula for good history. Susan Evans McCloud is author of more than 40 books: fiction, mystery, biography. This had a great impact upon Brigham, who was four years his junior, and confided that I had more confidence in his judgment and discretion, and in the manifestations of God to him, than I had in myself ("Brigham Young: Journal of Discourses," 8:37). Lee was tried twice for murder (he was convicted the second time) and executed in 1877. Several of his wives lived in the Lion House or the Beehive House; others had separate residences. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. Promised safe passage from the area in exchange for surrendering their weapons, the besieged group complied only to be systematically slaughtered. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. That, say the church historians, is because no such order was given. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. March 28, 1884: Or was it March 8? How did the widow Pratt cross 1,500 dusty miles in a mere 21 days? The facts are these: Young spoke out against revenge killings. Joseph Young was a witness to the infamous Hauns Mill massacre during the tumultuous Missouri days of the LDS Church's history, according to The Faithful Young Family.". Brigham Young. It stopped immediately. [2] Shortly after their baptisms, Phineas Young and Joseph Young became ordained elders in the church began preaching as missionaries in New York and Upper Canada. Young was too cleverand too religiously devoutto have destroyed the emigrants and thus irreparably harm the reputation of his people. Taken in by local families -- including those of men who had participated in the attack -- the children were eventually returned to relatives, some later providing devastating testimony about the massacre. As Latter-day Saints, we know that death isn't the end. Though Brigham's family would later claim that the troublesome Ann Eliza was the one leading him on, the fact remains that they agreed to wed and were sealed on April 7, 1868. . The Rome-News Tribune reports police were notified of an abandoned car, and the investigation led to finding Davis body, which was taken to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation crime lab for an autopsy on Sunday. Risner allegedly killed Davis in another location before moving his body to where it was found, according to CoosaValleyNews.com. The massacre lasted less than five minutes, but when it was over, 120 men, women and children had been clubbed, stabbed or shot at point-blank range. Haight. The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. However, church president Joseph Smith insisted that his brother William Smith be selected in place of Young. Though obviously guilty of murder, Lee was the crime's scapegoat, not instigator, the authors argue, and the Indians had little to do with it. The seeing of our faithful Elders slaughtered in cold blood, he wrote after his friends death, is at times almost to[o] grevious to be borne, but as the Spirit within me whispers, peace be still. This advice was never changed. As any attorney knows, the problem with a guilty client is he acts guilty, and after the massacre Brigham Young never behaved like an innocent man. When asked by Horace Greeley in 1859, Brigham Young said that he had 15 wives, but some of those sealed to me are old ladies whom I regard rather as mothers than wives. For instance, at first, Phineas was expecting perhaps even a little bit hoping to find error in this new, strange book and to expose the errors he found that they might not lead others astray. Scope and Contents. "John D. Lee Arrested". Nor did Pratts death stir blood lust. Justice for his peoples wrongs was heavens responsibility, not his, he said. He was the ninth of eleven children, growing up in an unsettled frontier environment characterized by frequent family moves to various communities throughout upstate New York. While it's clear that the Lord's prophets have often been preserved to perform sacred works, it is also clear that these near-death experiences provided Brigham Young with unparalleled insight into the nature of the spirit world. When I began writing about the massacre, I realized trying to prove anything about this appalling crime would prove only that I was an idiot. Four days ago he posted a video of himself singing and playing the guitar. Recommend to friends. Two of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight. Despite the influences of a strict, moralistic family and being exposed to the religious fervor that . "[13], Historians debate whether the Haight letter absolves Young of any complicity. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. Savage. A longer video of the interaction shows Joe Biden was comforting his grandson, Robert Hunter Biden II, at Beau Biden's funeral. A second form could seal a woman to one man for time and another for eternity. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. Because the historical past will always be opaque, historians must seek the weight of evidence, and in this case, the preponderance suggests Youngs innocence. This answer is: Anonymous . Instagram: susanevansmccloudauthor. . Typewritten biography of Phineas Howe Young (1799-1880) by his granddaughters Eleanor White Mackay, Seraph White Allred, and Naomi Wright. "For many years no person saw a smile on his countenance, Brigham, in a later sermon, told the Saints about his conversation with his brother, in consequence of the burden of the Lord upon him, and realizing that the inhabitants of the Earth had all gone out of the way and had turned every man to his own views (see Journal of Discourses, 12:95). He sublet the job to other contractors who completed the work in February 1869. ''He did it,'' said Will Bagley, a history columnist for The Salt Lake Tribune whose book ''Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows'' (University of Oklahoma Press) has been a best seller in Utah since it appeared in late July. Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death. There are two ways to interpret the evidence about who ordered the brutal murder of 120 men, women and children at a remote Utah oasis on the road to California on September 11, 1857. Strang penned a letter to two leaders, Orson Hyde and John Taylor, requesting to . Here he was ordained a Seventy and received his endowment before traveling West in the first group of pioneers, led by his brother, Brigham Young. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, Determining and Defining `Wife: The Brigham Young Households, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. Young Dolph was gunned down on November 17, 2021, Slim 400 was shot and killed on December 8, 2021, and Drakeo the Ruler was reportedly stabbed to death on December 18, 2021. . This is a photo of Brigham Young and his brothers taken in the 1860s by C.R. Ms. Denton, who is descended from Mormon settlers, said the killings were inspired primarily by greed. The great virtue of John G. Turner's new biography of Brigham Youngthe first major study since LDS historian Leonard Arrington's Brigham Young: American Moses (1985)is the author's . Its no coincidence, then, that pulp fiction and Hollywood have used these ingredientsmystery, conspiracy and mass murderfor years. The family the Lord had put his hand upon did not fail. When it was over, men quarreled over responsibility, and many vowed that no one should ever know of their deadly work, including, presumably, Brigham Young. Hell on Wheels is fiction based on history. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. A DIVISION OF THE UTAH DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 2019. No credible evidence exists that Young wanted the massacre. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. "This evening I am with my wife a lone by my fire side for the first time for years," Young wrote in his diary in January 1842. setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. When polygamy was a part of Mormon culture, there were different types of marriages or sealings.. The oft asked question about the practice of polygamy in early Mormon history is: How many wives did Brigham Young have? While other Las Vegas visitors were passing the night at shows, casinos, and buffets, seven BYU cybersecurity students sat hunched over their laptops in the lobby of the Ellis Island Hotel deep in a feverish game of capture the flag. Brigham Young was in New England with Orson Pratt when he learned of Joseph's death. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. The question isnt as easily answered as asked. To see what your friends thought of this quote, please sign up! Hosford & Sons, NY. Why didnt he use his powers as territorial governor to hunt down the men who committed this despicable crime? A plaque at the massacre site, erected by the Mormon Church in 1990, carefully avoided assigning blame, referring with baffling vagueness to ''a company of more than 120 Arkansas emigrants'' being ''attacked while en route to California. Phineas Young was among the first Mormon pioneer company to reach the Salt Lake Valley in July 1847. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. In 1853, he became the second counselor to David Fullmer in the presidency of the Salt Lake Stake of the church. As of early 1842, Brigham Young was a contented monogamist. Before any of these events, which were instrumental in drawing the brothers to the truth, the youngest son, Lorenzo, at the young age of 9 years, experienced an extraordinary and prophetic dream. Brigham Young was born in 1801 born in Whittingham, Vermont. 295 likes All Members Who Liked This Quote . ROME, Georgia A recent Brigham Young University-Idaho graduate was stabbed to death over the weekend in northwestern Georgia. My nephew Matt is completely innocent. . This answer reflects the complicated nature in the definition of plural wife. As to the number of wives with whom it is known that he had conjugal relations, sixteen wives bore him 57 children (46 of whom grew to maturity). Both authors quote a 5-year-old survivor who told a reporter two years after the event, ''My father was killed by Indians; when they washed their faces, they were white men.'' Phineas' wife Clarissa was also baptized about this same time. Pratt had been murdered in Arkansas, where the Baker-Fancher party had its origin. It creates a sensation and sells books. Or did his belief in heavenly justice prove him an unlikely culprit? According to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) historical records, Brigham Young was sealed to as many as 56 women. In short, Youngs letter must be taken at face value: It was a determined, almost frantic, attempt to stop the massacre. He graduated from college in April, finished his internship this Summer, was so happy in having a girlfriend (and her family) that he truly loved, had just aced an entrance exam for his Masters program the very last day that any of us had contact with him. And why does the Deseret News continue lying about Mountain Meadows to this day? Young won the leadership and Strang was considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Mormon Church. We are still trying to make sense of this tragedy and why this happened. Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company. '', The emigrants, a group of prosperous Arkansas farming families known as the Fancher party after its leader, Alexander Fancher, could hardly have picked a worse time for an overland trek. Logically, the idea of ordering a massacre as 2,500 U.S. troops marched upon Salt Lake City is absurd. Originally ran between Salt Lake and York. Following his return to Nauvoo in 1841, Young affirmed his complete loyalty to Joseph Smith by embracing the controversial and still-secret practice of polygamy, despite his initial personal . The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. Brigham Young succeeded founder Joseph Smith as the president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1847; he led the church until his death in 1877. Once, when returning to his ranch on the Jordan River, he was mistakenly taken as a thief, shot at and wounded in the arm, where the main artery was severed. On September 11, 1857, 120 men, women and childrenpioneers from Arkansas headed for Californiawere massacred after being promised safe passage through a Southern Utah valley known as Mountain Meadows. Young retaliated by declaring martial law. It was made manifest to me, he recorded and is published in Lorenzo Dow Youngs Preparation for the Gospel on ourlittlecircle.com, that the Savior was in the carriage, and that it was driven by his servant. [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. In short, the massacre is best explained by cascading local events in a setting of extreme excitement and fear. No. Risner is expected to appear in court on the charges this week. What ever happened to Big Minnie of Tombstone? James Haslam, who rode the 500-mile circuit in six days, recalled, Young told me [when riding back south] . He said the file included the notes of a Mormon historian who, at the request of church leaders, conducted a confidential investigation of the massacre in 1892. The events at Mountain Meadows do not suggest a conspiracy, and certainly none involving Young. Despite a growing bitterness toward his former mentor, Lee refused. 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