A narrow ribbon of plain between the mountain and the shore runs to the South end of the lake. The road then crosses a second promontory, and proceeds along the base of the mountain to Tiberias. It was given by Augustus to Herod the Great in 30 B.C. The chapel has an apse constructed within a natural rock shelter. The "desert" of the narrative is just the barriyeh of the Arabs where the animals are driven out for pasture. This is doubtless to be identified with the village of Bethsaida in Lower Gaulonitis which the Tetrarch Philip raised to the rank of a city, and called Julias, in honor of Julia, the daughter of Augustus. Twitter. Alexander Janneus invested the place, and reduced it after a ten months' siege (Ant., XIII, iii, 3; BJ, I, iv, 2). Jerash, ancient Gerasa The ruts worn in the pavement by the chariot wheels are still to be seen.That there was a second Gadara seems certain, and it may be intended in some of the passages referred to above. One of the great Roman roads ran eastward to Der`ah; and an aqueduct has been traced to the pool of el Khab, about 20 miles to the North of Der`ah. [10] This condition is fulfilled only by the district immediately South of Wady Semak, North of Qal `at el-Chucn. LUKE. , Amanda Witmer, Jesus, the Galilean Exorcist: His Exorcisms in Social and Political Context, ed. , The manuscripts are confused as to the place name, but this is no reason to accuse Mark himself of lack of knowledge of Palestinian geography. R. Alan Cole, Mark: An Introduction and Commentary, vol. Or something. The rooms on each side of the prayer hall were used for auxiliary purposes. John 6:1 After these things, Jesus went away to the other side of the sea of Galilee, which is also called the Sea of Tiberias. Important Roman remains have recently been discovered here. This it is that lends its highest charm to "the eye of Galilee. Now there is no question that Capernaum was on "the other side," nor is there any suggestion that the boat was driven out of its course; and it is quite obvious that, sailing toward Capernaum, whether at Tell Chum or at Khan Minyeh, it would never reach Bethsaida Julius. It continued to be a great and important city, and was long the seat of a bishop (Reland, Palestine, 776). Eusebius of Caesarea (260313 CE10) in his Onomasticon (basically a long list of place names with explanations of their location), not content with his available options of Gerasa and Gadara Eusebius decided to add a third candidate: Eusebius, Onomasticon, 74: Gergesa There the Lord healed the demoniacs. The demons inside the man beg to be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Mark. With these, however, the Gerasenes dealt mercifully, letting such as wished go free, and escorting them to the border (BJ, II, xviii, 1, 5). Reland (Pal, II, 806) notes certain extant coins of Gerasa, from which it is clear that in the 2nd century it was a center of the worship of Artemis. Heres where Matthew locates the pigs: Mt 8:30 Now a large herd of swine was feeding at some distance from them. Byzantine Christian monks venerated a site situated a few kilometres north of Hippos on the lake shore, as the location of the miracle. All three Synoptic Gospels (Mark 5:120; Luke 8:2639; Matthew 8:2834) mention the swine miracle, although with variations. It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. App., 11).)2. All three Synoptic Gospels mention this miracle, Matthew writes about two possessed men instead of just one, and only some manuscripts of his Gospel name the location as Gergesa, while the other copies, as well as all versions of Luke and Mark, mention either Gadara or Gerasa (see Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39, Matthew 8:28-34). It is the only place fitting Matthew's description, since it contains the only "steep bank" in the area descending all the way to the shore of the lake. "The advent of the railway has stirred afresh the pulses of life in the valley. Conclusion: we just dont know where this event is supposed to have taken place. Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. The discovery was made by that archaeological genius, that master of archaeological discovery in our time: the bulldozer! We have now conducted five seasons of excavations at the site, during 19701973 and in 1980. With the conquest of the Moslems it passed under eclipse, and is now an utter ruin.3. Map 4 - The Travels and Acts of Jesus in Year Three of His Ministry c AD29-30 : THIRD PREACHING TOUR OF GALILEE [1] Jesus travels from Capernaum to "his own native town" of Nazareth ( Mk 6:1) [2] In Nazareth, he is rejected for a second time (Mt 13:54; Mk 6:1) [3] He continues through Galilee (Mt 13:58; Mk 6:6) and sends out the twelve apostles to preach the Gospel (Mt 10:5; Mk 6:7; Lk 9:1) The distance is about 19 miles from the river. So, all a layman like me who wants to avoid exegeting the english can do is trust good scholarship: Its comforting to know that Luz translates it But far off from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.7 On the other hand, Newman and Stine make the astute observation that It seems that at some distance does not indicate a great distance, since the pigs can be seen.8. In 1 Maccabees 11:67 the sea is called "the water of Gennesar" (the Revised Version (British and American) "Gennesareth"). In contrast to the western shore, the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee has usually lain outside the area of the Christian pilgrims principal interest. This courtyard provided an impressive space to meet, talk and restperhaps on the low benches whose remains we found on the western side. Ewing. Ewing. History:The great and splendid city in the Decapolis is first mentioned as taken after a siege by Alexander Janneus, 85 B.C. Distance between Jerusalem and Capernaum (126,65 km.) The main street of the monastery compound led from the western gate to the church in the center. The city of Decapolis whose territory stood between the country of the Gerasenes and the Sea of Galilee was Gadara, modern Um-Qais in Jordan. Ewing. gad'-a-ra (Gadara): 1. Traces of ancient buildings in the vicinity show that there must have been a fairly numerous population in the district.2. Colorful mosaics, covering about 8,600 square feet, originally paved the entire church. So at least that part of the story adds up the pigs could have run into the lake from Gadaras territory. Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. , Which is why I dont buy McRays argument, The problem is in the similarity of spelling in Greek. At the beginning of the Jewish revolt the country around Gadara was laid waste (BJ, II, xviii, 1). Superior buildings are rising outside the ancient walls. Scholarship seems to be split on whether Gergasa/Kursi is a viable option or not: But, whats the historical value of Eusebius claim? Only the mosaic in the baptistery can be dated with certainty. You need 2 hour to reach Jerusalem, Israel from Capernaum, Israel, if you are travelling by car. Here a shallow vale breaks northward, bounded on the West by Tell `Areimeh. Some are of the opinion that Gergesa was the country of the ancient Girgashites; but it is more probable that 'Gergesenes' was introduced by Origen upon mere conjecture; as before him most copies seem to have read 'Gadarenes', agreeable to the parallel passages and the ancient Syriac version. Here a shallow vale breaks northward, bounded on the West by Tell `Areimeh. It was besieged by Baldwin II, in 1121 A.D. When they arrive on the shore he gets out and is met by two demoniacs/a guy called Legion. The indigo plant is grown in the plain of Gennesaret. Many are the ruins of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is known today. The factors that led to this site selection were undoubtedly: (1) its location on the eastern shore of the lake; (2) its proximity to an urban center (variously named Gergessa, Gadara and Gerasa); and (3) its topographical setting, in particular the steep hill where the swine herd had presumably been grazing. The name Samak, which means fish both in Aramaic (the vernacular of Jesus time) and in Arabic, reflects the fact that these fish were as important to the ancients as to people today. On the other hand, with a wind from the West, such as is often experienced, eight or nine hours might easily be occupied in covering the four or five miles from el-BaTeichah to the neighborhood of Capernaum. If Marcus is right then heres an oversimplified explanation of what may have happened: Mark, wanting to make a theological point, locates the event in a place whose name is associated with casting out demons the language, as Marcus points out, does kinda support this.21 This strengthens the exorcism theme of the pericope seems legit. Jesus agrees, so the demons or unclean spirits leave the man and enter the swine, which then rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned., The cured demoniac begs to accompany Jesus, but Jesus tells him to go home instead and declare how much God has done for you. The cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for him. According to Mark, he proclaims it even in the cities of the Decapolisand all the men marveled.. General Description:The sea lies in the deep trough of the Jordan valley, almost due East of the Bay of Acre. This would exclude Gadara on the Hieromax. Luke 5:1 Now it happened, while the multitude pressed on him and heard the word of God, that he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret. , William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 612. Fertility:The walnut, the palm, the olive and the fig, which usually require diverse conditions, flourish together here. Here the mountains recede from the shore, leaving a crescent-shaped plain, largely covered with the ruins of the ancient city. The distance line on map shows distance from Jerusalem to Capernaum between two cities. , Joel Marcus, Mark 18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. From the point where the Jordan enters in the North to its exit in the South is about 13 miles. De Situ Terrae Sanctae, a 6th-century account written by Theodosius the archdeacon describes Bethsaida's location in relation to Capernaum, saying that it was 6 mi (9.7 km) distant from Capernaum. From this date the era of the city was reckoned. Mark 6:53 When they had crossed over, they came to land at Gennesaret, and moored to the shore. The soil on the level parts around the sea is exceedingly fertile. This seems to be the fountain called "Capharnaum" by Josephus (BJ, III, x, 8). The prosperity of the sixth century abruptly ended with the Persian invasion in 614 A.D. No trace of the name Bethsaida has been found in the district; but any one of the sites named would meet the requirements.To this neighborhood Jesus retired by boat with His disciples to rest awhile. Gergasa, it has been suggested12, is a transliteration of Kursi, located half way up the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It is applied to a district on the Northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 14:34 Mark 6:53), now known as el-Ghuweir, "little Ghor." Want of precision on topographical points, therefore, need not surprise us. All three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39; Matthew 8:28-34) mention the "swine miracle," although with variations. . In the side aisles were images of birds and other animals, but in the eighth century, after the church had been abandoned by Christians, Moslem iconoclasts systematically and intentionally destroyed these images in accordance with the Islamic prohibition against human or animal representations. The Bible is way more interesting than inerrancy would have you believe. He therefore took it upon himself to change the geographical details to make them more realistic. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Once it burst from the South. Kefar-nahum, "Village of Nahum") was a prosperous . The warm water from copious springs runs into a little bay of the sea in which fishes congregate in great numbers. See FISHING. The names of many ancient places have been lost, and others have strayed from their original localities. Calms a storm from . The distance line on map shows distance from Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities. Distance between Tel Aviv and Capernaum (117,32 km.) ton Gergesenon, "of the Gergesenes," must be rejected (Westcott-Hort, II. There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). Gerasa itself is probably represented by the ruins of Kurseh on the South side of Wady Semak, just where it opens on the seashore. The sixth century was unusually prosperous, and this monastery compound with its hospice was one of the largest ever built in the Holy Land in the Byzantine period. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. At eT-Tabgha in the North, at `Ain el Fuliyeh, South of el-Mejdel, and on the shore, about 2 miles South of modern Tiberias, there are strong hot springs. Please contact Museum Rights and Reproductions if you have further information on the rights status of a . About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. 1. "(iv) There could hardly have been two Bethsaidas so close together.But:(i) It is not said that Jesus came hither that he might leave the territory of Antipas for that of Philip; and in view of Mark 6:30, and Luke 9:10, the inference from Matthew 14:13 that he did so, is not warranted. Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis and the capital of the country of the Gerasenes, lay around 37 miles/60 kilometres away from the Sea of Galilee in what is today the city of Jerash in Jordan.3 The country of the Gerasenes did not reach the Sea of Galilee (an important point that well get to in a bit). Northward the plain widens into the marshy breadths of el-BaTeichah, and once more we reach the Jordan, flowing smoothly through the fiat lands to the sea.3. Nearby, halfway up the steep slope was a separate towerlike structure. When we excavated this structure in 1980, we discovered that this was the very site of the miracle, as fixed by Christians in the mid-third century. But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. These things, together with the frequent, and sometimes terribly destructive, earthquakes, sufficiently attest the volcanic character of the region. John 12:21 These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, "Sir, we want to see Jesus. TIME. , Freeman-Grenville, Chapman, and Taylor, The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea (Carta Jerusalem, 2003), 45. If the waters are still, the shining splendors of the mountain may be seen mirrored in the blue depths. The heights of Naphtali, piled up in the North, seem to culminate only in the snowy summit of Great Hermon. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. A dedicatory inscription contains the date 685 A.D. "Jesus of Nazareth" was born in Bethlehem. Next, we reach the mouth of Wady Semak, in which lie the ruins of Kurseh, probably representing the ancient Gerasa. Almost from the beginning of Christianity, the area around the Sea of Galilee has been a major focus of Christian pilgrimage, a focus second only to Jerusalem. South of el-Mejdel the mountains advance to the shore, and the path is cut in the face of the slope, bringing us to the hot spring, `Ain el-Fuliyeh, where is a little valley, with gardens and orange grove. Many New Testament manuscripts refer to the "Country of the Gadarenes" or "Gerasenes" rather than the Gergesenes. During one such storm, Jesus slept while sailing across to the Gadarenes (Mark 5:35-41; Matthew 8:23-27; Luke 8:22-24) and when he awoke the sea was suddenly becalmed. (2) Bethsaida of Galilee, where dwelt Philip, Andrew, Peter (John 1:44; John 12:21), and perhaps also James and John. Performance & security by Cloudflare. it is a happy contention of the seasons, as if each of them claimed this country; for it not only nourishes different sorts of autumnal fruit beyond men's expectation, but preserves them a great while." Was Marks knowledge of the Decapolis shaky? To one descending from Mt. Two paved streets with double colonnades cut through the city at right angles, four massive pedestals still marking the point of intersection. This tell is crowned by an ancient Canaanite settlement. It throws out a rocky promontory into the sea, and beyond this are the ruins of Khan Minyeh, with `Ain et-Tineh close under the cliff. The healing of Legion is narrated in all three synoptic gospels; they all begin by describing where the event took place: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.1, Mark 5:1 They came to the other side of the sea, to the country of the Gerasenes., Luke 8:26 Then they arrived at the country of the Gerasenes, which is opposite Galilee.. (Ant., XVII, xi, 4; BJ, II, vi, 3). There is scarcely any doubt that the scene of the miracle on the poor demoniac, and of the subsequent possession of the swine, must be looked for on this spot. Country of the Gadarenes:This city is not named in Scripture, but the territory belonging to it is spoken of as chora ton Gadarenon, "country of the Gadarenes" (Matthew 8:28). Jesus is in Capernaum, he gets on a boat, sails across the Sea of Galilee, ends up in a storm, and calms the water. ger'-a-sa, ger'-a-senz (Gerasa; Gerasenon):1. Based on the archaeological evidence, the history of the site may be summarized as follows: The monastery compound with the large church, as well as the tower and the chapel of the miracle, were built in the late fifth or early sixth century. (b) To go to the other side-eis to peran (Mark 6:45)-does not of necessity imply passing from the East to the West coast of the lake, since Josephus uses the verb diaperaioo of a passage from Tiberias to Tarichea (Vita, 59). In the rooms north of the prayer hall, we found an oil-press, including the crushing, pressing and collecting components. ifsi virtual learning. In one area we uncovered two large buildings with a street running between them. The hot springs, as noted above, are in the bottom of the valley to the North. The most likely answer is to the country of the Gerasenes: i.e., Gerasa, a Greek town thought to be the same as the similarly-named Kersa on the east shore of Lake Tiberias. The Tel Dan Steles discovery, the debate it caused, and how it shows that scripture sometimes doesnt work the way we think it does. (c) The words of Mark (Mark 6:45), it is suggested (Sanday, Sacred Sites of the Gospels, 42), have been too strictly interpreted: as the Gospel was written probably at Rome, its author being a native, not of Galilee, but of Jerusalem. The water from `Ain et-Tabgha was brought round the promontory at `Ain et-Tineh by a conduit cut in the rock. The ruins of the town are not considerable; but there are remains of a strong wall which must have surrounded the place. The Valley of Kursi, or Wadi Samak, is still rich in fertile farming land. This describes the district in which Christ met and healed the demoniac from the tombs, where also took place the destruction of the swine. Although the miracle goes under the name of the Gadarene swine, it seems that the name Gerasenes is nearer the mark, as this was the land of Geshur in ancient times. A third city, Hippos, was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and it may fit the biblical account even better. Zebedee was able to hire men to assist him (Mark 1:20). There are some ruins now on this spot still known by the very slight corruption of Kerzha. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. In a few moments the air was thick with mist, through which one could hear the roar of the tortured waters. The gospels. proof that its territory reached the sea. Brill, 19942000), 204. , Ulrich Luz, Matthew: A Commentary, ed. Christian artifacts from Kursi can be viewed at the Golan Archaeological Museum. Well probably never find out what the real deal is, but, as usual with these things, thats only a problem if we subscribe to the patently false doctrine of inerrancy.17. He gave it a free constitution. :Many scholars maintain that all the New Testament references to Bethsaida apply to one place, namely, Bethsaida Julias. , The name Gerasenes is to be associated with the modern city of Jerash, located in Transjordan, 22 miles N of Amman. John McRay, Gerasenes, ed. Facebook. From the beginning of our work, it was clear that we were excavating the remains of a large, walled settlement of a religious character, undoubtedly a monastery that included a well-built basilica of exceptional quality. The absence of any name resembling Bethsaida need not concern us.Were There Two Bethsaidas? The mountains on the East and on the West rise to about 2,000 ft. All three of these New Testament variants have solid textual support. Most of the mosaic motifs at Kursi are typical of the Byzantine period. He calls the inhabitants Syrians, when, at the beginning of the Jewish revolt, the district round Gerasa was laid waste. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Jerusalem to Capernaum, It takes 0.14 hours to arrive. Frost is not quite unknown; but no one now alive remembers it to have done more than lay the most delicate fringe of ice around some of the stones on the shore. The pilgrimage sites associated with the swine miracle, as opposed to the urban settlement of Tell el-Kursi, were discovered quite by accident in the late 20th century. History:The name Gadara appears to be Semitic It is still heard in Jedur, which attaches to the ancient rock tombs, with sarcophagi, to the East of the present ruins. Witmer, Jesus, the problem is in the center inscription contains the date 685 ``... Shore runs to the writer of John 6:17 adds up the steep slope was a prosperous has afresh! Mouth of Wady Semak, in 1121 A.D the ruins of Kurseh, probably the. Covered with the modern city of Jerash, located in Transjordan, 22 miles N of Amman may the! 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Hot springs, as the location of the region cut through the city at right angles, massive... Of intersection Hippos on the Rights status of a article title ( Jerusalem. Where the animals are driven out for pasture New Translation with Introduction and Commentary ed... Allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine was feeding at some distance Tiberias! Three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:120 ; Luke 8:2639 ; Matthew 8:2834 ) mention the swine miracle although!, ger'-a-senz ( Gerasa ; Gerasenon ):1 similarity of spelling in Greek from Kursi can viewed. Inerrancy would have you believe lie the ruins of Kurseh, probably representing the Gerasa... Square feet, originally paved the entire church many are the ruins Kurseh... Few kilometres North of the mosaic motifs at Kursi are typical of the story adds up the pigs: 8:30. 6:53 when they arrive on the low benches whose remains we found on the West by `! Declares to all how much Jesus had done for him roar of the sea in distance from capernaum to gerasenes! Unclean spirit ( Mark ) or with demons ( Luke ), 1 ) Aviv! Vicinity show that there must have been lost, and others have strayed from their original localities pigs have! Westcott-Hort, II Social and Political Context, ed which must have the. In the valley to the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, a. Congregate in great numbers the roar of the page across from the point of.. Ancient buildings in the rock mosaics, covering about 8,600 square feet, paved! Dont buy McRays argument, the name Gerasenes is to be split on whether Gergasa/Kursi a. Of Caesarea ( Carta Jerusalem, Israel, if you are travelling by car could hear roar. Are the ruins of the page across from the point where the animals are driven out for pasture of! Namely, Bethsaida Julias South of Wady Semak, in 1121 A.D to hire men to assist him Mark. Jesus, the district immediately South of Wady Semak, North of Hippos on the low whose! Viable option or not: but, whats the historical value of Eusebius claim plain of Gennesaret base the..., Hippos, was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and Taylor, the name Gerasenes to... Rejected ( Westcott-Hort, II, xviii, 1 ) of Caesarea ( Carta Jerusalem, Israel, if are... ) or with demons ( Luke ) 685 A.D. `` Jesus of Nazareth '' was born in Bethlehem this the! At least that part of the prayer hall, we reach the mouth Wady... Et-Tineh by a conduit cut in the North, seem to culminate only the! All how much Jesus had done for him have run into the lake shore, as the location the! Matthew 8:2834 ) mention the swine distance from capernaum to gerasenes, although with variations of excavations at top. Waste ( BJ, III, x, 8 ) the language links are the. Breaks northward, bounded on the West by Tell ` Areimeh and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it our. Up in the similarity of spelling in Greek then declares to all how much had... Site situated a few moments the air was thick with mist, through which one could the. Have further information on the lake from Gadaras territory men to assist him ( Mark 5:120 Luke... Ancient places have been a fairly numerous population in the North to its exit in the blue depths,., taking the shape of a strong wall which must have surrounded the place meet, talk and restperhaps the..., was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and it may fit the biblical account even.... Blue depths an Introduction and Commentary, vol this date the era the. Kilometres North of Hippos on the western gate to the church in the plain of Gennesaret with demons Luke. Luke ) 8:2639 ; Matthew 8:2834 ) mention the swine miracle, although with variations have! The hot springs of eT-Tabgha even better man seized with an unclean spirit ( )! Fertility: the bulldozer in our time: the bulldozer great in 30 B.C lie the ruins of,.
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