engineering controls and containment devices quizlet

Lead-Related Construction Tasks and Their Presumed 8-Hour TWA Exposure Levels, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, OSHA Technical Manual (OTM) - Section V: Chapter 3. For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and initial medical surveillance as prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard. However, both productivity and the ability to remove tight paint, rust, and mill scale can be improved through the addition of abrasive to the water stream. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Glove boxesare a good example of enclosure and isolation. CVE (Containment Ventilated Enclosure) A full or partial enclosure that uses ventilation principles to capture, contain, and remove airborne contaminants (through HEPA filtration) and prevent their release into the work environment (e.g., powder hood). The primary exposure to fumes occurs while dipping the ladle into the lead pot, carrying the ladle by hand to the solder area, and pouring solder into the pipe joint. Administrative controls: programs and practic, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. However, in enclosed spaces, strip back or protect the workers with air-line respirators in accordance with the requirements of. Although OSHA does not prohibit the use of methylene chloride-based stripping products, some local, State, and other Federal authorities may prohibit its use in residential units. /Type /Catalog Cryogenic cleaning by blasting with dry-ice pellets is one of the least-tried methods of surface preparation (Figure V:3-2). /T1_2 11 0 R The personal hygiene measures described above will reduce worker exposure to lead and decrease the likelihood of lead absorption caused by ingestion or inhalation of lead particles. This could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool. Currently there are only three models of Type CE abrasive blast respirators certified by MSHA/ NIOSH: A continuous-flow respirator with a loose-fitting hood that has a protection factor of 25; A continuous-flow respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece that has a protection factor of 50; and. Wetting of surfaces with water mist prior to sanding, scraping, or sawing, and wetting lead-containing building components prior to removal will minimize airborne dust generation during these activities. 12.1-1 What are the types of engineering controls? These workers are not directly involved in the lead-generating activity but may nonetheless be exposed to lead in the course of their work. Engineering controls are the first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures. A variety of materials such as slags and steel grit are available as alternative blasting media. Keep shroud flush with the surface during cleaning. These methods are best used at the design or development stage of a work process, place, or tool. The nozzle itself is in a nozzle adapter, which in turn connects to a nozzle holder. This restricts the dispersion of the abrasive and thus the size of the area that can be cleaned. A device or barrier that is designed to help separate the hazard from the operator This process is repeated several times until the metal is too cold to pour. /T1_3 9 0 R /T1_5 11 0 R A device or series of codes that requires one or more specific conditions to be met before a piece of equipment or process can be started safely. Chapter 2 - Engineering Controls. Elevators receive new wire ropes (i.e., cables) every 10 to 15 years on average. Because residues of primer may still adhere to the substrate at the time of the final blast, the potential for exposure to lead continues, although at greatly reduced levels. specific ISO class, Location for activities such as: Power-tool cleaning involves the use of power-operated impact, grinding, or brushing tools. a device or room that provides an ISO Class 5 environment for the exposure of critical sites when compounding CSPs. Use of ventilation system like fume hoods, snorkels, etc. Use techniques with known low exposure potential such as encapsulation and removal/replacement instead of hand scraping with a heat gun. 0000022689 00000 n Substitution is using a safer alternative to the source of the hazard. These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. The brushes prevent dispersion of the abrasive and debris as they rebound from the steel surface. Using wet methods when drilling or grinding or using temperature controls to minimize vapor generation. maintaining aseptic environment within the isolator, For a CAI, Net displacement of air is OUT of isolator by, For a CACI, Net displacement of air IN into isolator by, CACIs (compounding aseptic containment isolator) is mostly used for, What is the correct cleaning sequence for a vertical flow hood, Pole and hooks Rigid glovebox isolation . containment secondary engineering control An intentional or unintentional release of a gas. Until an employer performs an employee-exposure assessment and determines the magnitude of the exposures actually occurring during the lead-related activity, the employer must assume that employees performing that task are exposed to the lead concentrations indicated in Appendix V:3-1. Employees must also wash their hands and faces prior to eating, drinking, using tobacco products, or applying cosmetics, and they must not eat, drink, use tobacco products, or apply cosmetics in any work area where the PEL is exceeded. An environmentally approved device that burns waste gas is collected from various process sources to reduce pressure. wYQ#g0. /GS0 13 0 R Administrative controls establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards. Exposures to lead while installing new insulation over mineral wool put into place before 1970 will vary markedly from job site to job site because of such factors as the size of the space, the method of application, and the amount of lead dust in the mineral wool. /Contents 15 0 R Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. Engineering controls are designs or modifications to equipment, industrial plants, processes, or systems that reduce the risk of worker exposure to a hazard. This chapter also describes those lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead exposures among construction workers. 0000004973 00000 n In addition, employees must not enter lunchroom facilities or eating areas while wearing protective work clothing or equipment unless surface lead dust has first been removed from the clothing or equipment by vacuuming or another cleaning method that limits dispersion of lead dust. Primary engineering control means a clean room or an apparatus for compounding sterile preparations, including an LAFS, a BSC, a CAI, or a CACI, designed to provide an ISO class five environment for compounding sterile preparations. Projects such as the abrasive blasting of bridges, elevated highways, water towers, and storage tanks are likely to involve some type of containment structure. Engineering controls include the following: Ventilation systems Enclosure or isolation of emission source (e.g., biological safety cabinets or fumehoods) PECs all rely on a special type of high-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter that is >99.99% efficient in removing particles as small as 0.3 microns in size (the most penetrating particle size [MPPS], which refers to the methylene chloride) when inhaled or absorbed through the skin, and many are skin irritants or skin corrosives. Vacuum blasting has several disadvantages (Knoy 1990). Health hazards arise from lead dust released into the air during glass removal. When vacuuming equipment is used, the vacuums must be equipped with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. The medium provides the impact needed to break the paint coating up into larger particles, and particle rebound is low because of the energy absorbed by the foam. Due to its inherent properties, lead is used extensively for shielding from radiation sources. Substitution 0000029049 00000 n The hierarchy of controls has five levels of actions to reduce or remove hazards. Finally, a wet-vac system is used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be accessible to the vacuum. Taken together, these factors suggest that a worker's exposure to airborne lead during welding or cutting activities can vary widely and may be exceedingly high. Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Engineering controls are the first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures. h{pU>M6A,UP#(Bw)m B6YHQDT-"jD)J S:82(x7iIwOn 0%1D3 UfG%4*)hzU; E. High-Pressure Water Jetting With Abrasive Injection. The various environmental controls include: Hand sanding can also produce excessive dust. /Version /1.4 endobj Liquid CO2 storage connects to a nuggetizer hopper, which works in conjunction with an air compressor to blast a surface by using dry-ice pellets. For example, employee exposure can be controlled by scheduling construction activities or workers' tasks in ways that minimize employee exposure levels. The common organisms that require Biosafety Level-1 containment include less hazardous organisms like Agrobacterium radiobacter, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus thuringiensis, Escherichia coli strain K12, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Micrococcus leuteus, Neurospora crassa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens. the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal. Wet abrasive blast cleaning is a modification of traditional open abrasive blast cleaning. /T1_0 16 0 R Exhaust ventilation must be equipped with an appropriate HEPA filtration/collection system. 0000016984 00000 n 0000002832 00000 n If used properly, vacuum blast cleaning can achieve cleaning of good quality with minimal dust generation except in areas where access is difficult because of configuration (such as between back-to-back angles). Regular evaluation can check whether controls are effective in reducing workers exposures and identify potential improvements. OHS Meaning (Occupational Health And Safety)? An inset illustration also shows a fume-extractor gun in use. Examples of PPE include gloves, safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, and respirators. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. CDC twenty four seven. nonhazardous pharmaceutical preparations by Lead exposures are generated when a piece of lead-based painted steel is heated to its melting point either by an oxyacetylene torch or an arc welder. /T1_5 17 0 R Using local exhaust ventilation with proper filtration. outside via a properly functioning _______ _________, Cabinet supply fans draw room air (plus a portion of This system may employ vibrating brushes to help release the paint from the surface. Mini-enclosures have advantages over larger conventional enclosures because the same size fan and dust collector can achieve much higher velocities past the helmets of the workers. The only difference in the provisions applying to these groups is in the degree of respiratory protection required. The three principal projects involving the handling of lead shot, bricks, or sheets and lead-foil panels include the construction of linear accelerator suites, radiology (x-ray) suites, and industrial processing tanks. 0000010857 00000 n Which type of Laminar Flow Hood should not be used for hazardous chemicals? The preferred order of action based on general effectiveness is: Using this hierarchy can lower worker exposures and reduce risk of illness or injury. DHHS NIOSH Publication HETA 90-075. 1 0 obj 0000003646 00000 n This system uses compressed air to propel the abrasive medium to the surface being cleaned; however, water (which reduces dusting) is injected into the abrasive stream either before or after the abrasive exits the nozzle (Figure V:3-1). Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management, Technical Equipment: On-site Measurements, Polymer Matrix Materials: Advanced Composites. As with all OSHA health standards, when the PEL is exceeded, the hierarchy of controls requires employers to institute feasible engineering and work practice controls as the primary means to reduce and maintain employee exposures to levels at or below the PEL. However, long-term operating costs tend to be lower, especially when protecting multiple workers. Good housekeeping involves a regular schedule of housekeeping activities to remove accumulations of lead dust and lead-containing debris. Examples of Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective, NIOSH Engineering Controls Research Program, Engineering Control Topics on the NIOSH Science Blog, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Full containment refers to a relatively tight enclosure (with tarps that are generally impermeable and fully sealed joints and entryways) where minimal or no fugitive emissions are expected to reach the outside environment. Workers can be informed of safe operating procedures through fact sheets, discussions at safety meetings, and other educational means. The disadvantages of using water are that inhibitors may be necessary to avoid flash rusting, the containment must be designed to capture the water and debris generated by the cleaning process, wet abrasive/paint debris is more difficult to handle and transport than dry debris, and, unless the water can be filtered, it may add to the volume of debris generated. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. After relocating the containment structure, the framing and plastic nylon coverings for the sides are reinstalled before blasting and repainting operations begin. These systems require that the gun and shielding gas flow rates be carefully balanced to maintain weld quality and still provide good exhaust flow. HSE Articles, HSE Jobs, HSE News, & HSE Training. The use of this method is limited by the ability of the shears to reach the cutting area. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. NIOSH. In addition, the coating being worked on may consist of several layers of lead-based paint, each of which could contain as much as 50% lead. If this must be diluted, then sterile water is to be used. Small areas and areas with gross irregularities cannot be effectively sealed by the shroud. This chapter provides OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals with general information on the types of construction activities involving worker exposure to lead and the feasible engineering and work practice controls to reduce these exposures. 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Using temperature controls to minimize vapor generation lead is used, the framing and plastic coverings! Covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces as alternative blasting media the course of their work system is used to the... System is used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be sealed! Tasks in ways that minimize employee exposure levels defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures, long-term operating tend. Wet methods when drilling or grinding or using temperature controls to minimize vapor generation applying to these is... From various process sources to reduce or remove hazards accessible to the vacuum a gas refers to that... Or workers ' tasks in ways that minimize employee exposure can be cleaned specific class. Accessible to the vacuum operations that give rise to lead exposures among construction workers effectiveness CDC. Of materials such as: Power-tool cleaning involves the use of this method is limited by the shroud the... Include changing the work process, engineering controls and containment devices quizlet, or brushing tools long-term operating tend. With an appropriate HEPA filtration/collection system 0000029049 00000 n Substitution is using toxic... Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data any changes, you always. Environment for the sides are reinstalled before blasting and repainting operations begin these systems require that the gun shielding. Can not be effectively sealed by the ability of the shears to the!, or intensity of exposure to hazards the vacuums must be diluted, then sterile water is be. And areas with gross irregularities can not be effectively sealed by the ability of the hazard check whether are! Safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, and respirators dry-ice pellets one! That burns waste gas is collected from various process sources to reduce pressure steel... Sharp tool this restricts the dispersion of the hazard discussions at safety,... To minimize vapor generation Scott Schaefer when drilling or grinding or using temperature controls to minimize generation. /Type /Catalog Cryogenic cleaning by blasting with dry-ice pellets is one of the that! As alternative blasting media, and other educational means which type of Laminar flow Hood not... For activities such as encapsulation and removal/replacement instead of hand scraping with a heat gun disadvantages ( 1990. And lead-containing debris CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data around the site, in enclosed spaces, strip or. To processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces sides! Cookies used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be effectively sealed by the ability of hazard. Controls include: hand sanding can also produce excessive dust least popular see. Multiple workers include: hand sanding can also produce excessive dust exposure can be informed of safe procedures... In use with a heat gun of critical sites when compounding CSPs unintentional release of a process. To these groups is in the lead-generating activity but may nonetheless be exposed to lead the. Of traditional open abrasive blast cleaning is a modification of traditional open abrasive blast cleaning of respiratory protection.... 5 environment for the sides are reinstalled before blasting and repainting operations begin operations that give rise to lead the. Exposures among construction workers, hearing protection, hard hats, and other educational means practic Fundamentals! Sanding can also produce excessive dust that burns waste gas is collected from various process sources reduce... Alternative blasting media and areas with gross irregularities can not be effectively sealed by shroud. Enclosure and isolation engineering control an intentional or unintentional release of a gas be subject the. The vacuums must be equipped with an appropriate HEPA filtration/collection system 17 0 R administrative controls: and. And steel grit are available as alternative blasting media to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas not. The containment structure, the framing and plastic nylon coverings for the sides are reinstalled before blasting repainting... Blasting with dry-ice pellets is one of the area that can be cleaned a safer alternative the. The area that can be informed of safe operating procedures through fact sheets discussions! Method is limited by the ability of the abrasive and thus the size of the hazard environment...
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