On the other hand, remodelling reective practice as public for the purposes of assessment was invalid and probably self-defeating. Conclusion If so, which other models might you consider? It also allows practice to be critiqued, enabling enhancement in the development of areas needed to be improved, identifying learning needs (Stewart et al, 2000) and taking responsibility for continuing professional development (Griffin 2003). One object of this focus is to work to perceive hidden assumptions, biases, and unequal articulations of power which may have provoked teaching which might have been better and more even-handed. Or is it perhaps best seen as a troubleshooting tool? All work is written to order. The The models cyclical nature suggests continuity. Webasked to produce reflective written assignments related to their practice and university studies. What did I feel? Was the event being considered a good or a bad one? Personal questions relate to self-examination, and ask if you can identify the nature of your actions and reactions, and the elements which influenced or provoked those. (1995) Becoming a critically reflective teacher. Reflection may be seen as something often used in response to a negative outcome (White, 2003). The changes in behaviour or approach which is generated from the reflective thought can then be analysed, and either a further revision made, or else the changes made can be found to have been appropriate. Webreflection leading to change, development and growth. Some people are organic in their reflective abilities, whereas others have to be more formal and structured in their approach to looking back on their experiences and drawing insight for the future from them. This chapter, and 2.2 which follows, will explore reflective practice as a key element of best practice in teaching. Coordinator, Learning Development The model is cyclic, indicating a continuity. The commonalities Rolfe, Freshwater, & Jasper What Model (2001) Rolfe, Freshwater, & Jasper (2001) propose the What model, an iterative process consisting of three simple questions, but which require comprehensive reflective answers: 6 *You can also browse our support articles here >. Not all may be appropriate for all contexts, and thinking of new ones may be part of the processes of reflection being entered into. If the situation was negative in some way, this is the part of the cycle where you consider how to ensure that there is no recurrence. Available at: http://www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm (Accessed: 24 November 2016). For example, (2001), The title of the book or article in which the model is presented. Do you need specialized help understanding Rolfes model of reflection? The learning cycle may be used also in partnership with other schemas of Kolb's, most notably the definitions of four styles of learning which he developed alongside the cycle. WebPurpose: This paper aims to clarify the concept of reflective practice in nursing by using Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis. This helps to optimise work practice and improve interprofessional relationships. Alternatives to Kolbs Reflective Cycle The Rolfe reflective model is a reflection framework developed by John Rolfe, Andrew Freshwater, and Susan Jasper in 2001. A simple model such as this can support that. What was my main contribution to the circumstances at play? It may be appropriate to integrate pedagogic theory with practice here; were actions informed by a particular paradigm or insight when perhaps there were alternatives which might have been more appropriate, for example? Freedom of information publication scheme. WebKolb's experiential learning theory has been widely influential in adult learning. For Rolfe, though, this model does not fully articulate the position due to its simplicity, reflection is not only a summary practice, but to be engaged with proactively (Rolfe, 2002). The consideration of the students' perspective/s may yield insight which might otherwise have been missed if the focus of the self-reflection had been purely upon the individual themselves. Might I have done differently to have produced a more positive outcome? Now what? First, the practitioner is asked to look inwards upon themselves and recall the experience being analysed. As you will appreciate as you work through the chapter, there are broad similarities between the models - they are, after all, attempting to frame the same process, though they take different approaches in doing so - though each have their own particular applications. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. Now, what have I realized as a result of this experience? All questions in this section begin with 'what? WebHowever, critics of the model may argue that it is oversimplified because it does not consider the perspectives of others or any other type of feedback. Do the criticisms of Gibbs' model make sense to you? In that case see: Free-form reflection (within Reflectors Toolkit). London: FEU. All questions in this section begin with so what?: This is the element of Rolfes cycle which is concerned with synthesising information and insight, as we move from the previous elements to think in more detail about what to do differently in the future (or perhaps, if it is more appropriate to maintain the previous course of action) and so be prepared for what might be done if similar situations present themselves again. Might I have done differently to have produced a more positive outcome? The core advantages of the Rolfe model relate to its simplicity and clarity. Web4.1 Reflective journals 10 4.2 Models of reflection 10 4.2.1 Gibbs Reflective Cycle 10 4.2.2 Rolfes Framework for Reflexive Practice 12 4.3 Developing deeper reflection 12 4.4 Tips for writing your reflective journal 13 Section Five The Importance of Reflective Practice for Managers and the Support Available In the evaluative element of the cycle, consider how well the situation was handled. A new triangular model encourages shared reflection to gain deeper understanding of nurses practice Abstract Although nurses are encouraged to reflect on their practice from pre-registration education onwards, many are anxious about the process and unclear how it So, how do you reference Rolfe et al. This demonstrates learning as a direct result of our experiences and reflections. Within this book he developed a What, So What, Now What sequence of reflective education that also acts as a framework for reflective practice. To this extent, then, the experiential learning cycle as outlined by Kolb could be used in association with another, and reflection-specific, model of reflection. Could you use Brookfield's lenses to fix a specific problem, or an issue that occurred in a single teaching session? Tutorials can be implemented in the department for practitioners that want to become involved in reflective practice, the different ways to reflect, and some frame works that are used for reflecting. Divergent thinkers: Divergent thinkers are able to assimilate ideas from a spectrum of sources and theoretical approaches. So, what went through my mind when I responded to the circumstance? The model was developed initially for nursing and care education, but has become more broad in its subsequent applications, not least because of the clarity of the model and its ease of use. Kolb's ideas have been influential, not least in the development of other approaches which have taken inspiration from Kolb. Is the issue / problem / reason for being stuck / reason for feeling ill at ease / reason there is a clash of personalities? The reflective processes that enable to person to learn to learn from those experiences. Are there elements of the model which are less attractive? Paired or mutual investigation with colleagues can be beneficial for all, as there will invariably be points of commonality and aspects where improvement or where less awkward alternatives to teaching strategies being currently used might be shared. The 5R framework for reflection will guide you through Reporting, Responding, Relating, Reasoning, and Reconstructing to make sense of a learning experience. This article brings a fresh perspective to How was I feeling at the time of the event? To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: Content relating to: "reflective practice". Now what areas must be addressed for unexpected actions? WebThe theory and associated instruments continue to be criticized, but rarely is the graphical model itself examined. in public health and topical understanding of Nursing Practice. What best describes the circumstance that is being presented to you? It can be termed as coming across situations and problems which may require thought and problem solving in the midst of practice. Kolb's (1984) cycle of reflective practice is a model designed to help people learn from their experiences. Actions were being done towards the achievement? All you need to do isplace an orderwith us. The active experimentation phase of Kolb's cycle is where the hypotheses generated in the previous element are put to the test. How confident would you feel when reflecting in-action (in the moment) as opposed to turning to reflection as a summary activity (reflection on action)? How long would the process take? Some practitioners are rooted in the preconception that reflection is too difficult and that reflection is a taught skill (White, 2003). Johnson Marti is a Health Care Writer, and content writer. In addition, it does not take into consideration other methods of non-reflective learning or reflection during an action. For Kolb, there are four kinds of learners (Chapman, 2016): Disadvantages of Kolb's ideas include the observation that his categories and processes are a personal design and as such are asserted rather than 'proved' in any meaningful way. Available at: https://www.learning.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwadminoxacuk/localsites/oxfordlearninginstitute/documents/supportresources/lecturersteachingstaff/resources/resources/CriticallyReflectiveTeaching.pdf (Accessed: 24 November 2016). (a description of the event) Excessive request to cover on call shifts What happened? WebHoney and Mumfords learning styles model identifies four different styles that people use to learn something new: Activist. What aspects of the experience could be improved? WebIn this FREE webinar, we will outline a key reflective model: Rolfe et al., (2001). The model is based on three key questions, as the diagram below indicates: The model was developed initially for nursing and care education, but has become more broad in its subsequent applications, not least because of the clarity of the Rolfe et al. Reflective tools need to be accessible and useful to the user, and to produce meaningful results. apply the key principles of alternative methods of reflective practice, make assessments of the value of competing approaches to reflection. Once you have experienced a situation, which you need to learn from, you need to take a step back and consider this situation through what Brookfield calls lenses: the autobiographical lens, the students view, the colleagues view and the theoretical lens. It is a daily record of day by day personal experiences and observations and from these thoughts, ideas and feelings can be expressed. The process of creating the research proposal will be evaluated using the Rolfe reflective model, which has three major steps; that is, what, so what and now what. The implementation of reflective practice is now found in many of the other allied health care disciplines including the Radiography profession. The Rolfe reflective cycle has the virtue of simplicity and straightforwardness. Reflective practice is as a medium for an individuals reflective capacity to be communicated and examined both internally and externally. If not, why do you think that this is? WebReflection based of Rolfe et al (Example 1) What? reflective model, The last names of the author followed by their initials. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. What notable comments did the others make? When implementing Rolfes reflective cycle in practice can have an impact on patient outcomes. Kolb's Cycle of Reflective Practice. What aspect of the overall experience was optimistic? Relevant questions to ask here include: Some versions of Johns' model refer to this section as asking empirical questions; the word 'empirical' in this usage meaning being based on evidence, observation, and experimentation (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016b). Free resources to assist you with your nursing studies! In this case, it would be Rolfe, G., Freshwater, D., and Jasper, M., The year of publication is in parentheses. The process of working through the reflective cycle has generated evidence based upon your observations, and that leads you to be able to make assessments. https://libguides.hull.ac.uk/reflectivewriting, Reflective writing for academic assessment, Differences between discursive and reflective writing, Sources of evidence for reflective writing assignments, Portfolios and learning journals, logs and diaries, University of Hull privacy policy & cookies. The experiential cycle proposed may not be a good fit for all reflective situations, and may also require articulation with another reflection-centric approach for it to be meaningful. * Care for individuals and service delivery improves when teams and groups are given opportunities to explore and reflect on their work together. WebDriscolls simplified model of reflective practice is one that is easy to recall and apply in multiple situations. The models we have discussed thus far in this chapter have each taken process or cyclic ideas as their inspiration, suggesting a series of steps to be undertaken in sequence, and then feeding back into the start point of that sequence to begin a further cycle of reflection. Service delivery is a vital component on improvement of health services. Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods. Schn (1987) identifies two types of reflection that can be applied in healthcare, Reflection-in-action and Reflection-on-action. Action plans are useful spurs for discussions with peers and other colleagues; do they agree with your proposals for action, and do they have any insight or experience which might inform your action planning? In this section, you look back on your emotional state and your rational thoughts about the situation or occurrence being reflected upon. Not many practitioners are aware of how to reflect on practice (Workforce Support, 2010). Advantages of Gibbs' cycle include the focus which is placed on a systematic consideration of separate phases of a learning experience. Feelings Consider this regarding yourself, other colleagues, and the learner/s. What would your learners say about you? Pearson FT Press. Accommodating thinkers: Accommodators respond well to active experimentation, to inspiration and to intuition rather than a logical and ordered approach. It may be thought particularly useful for making summary observations, for example as part of end of year reviews, or in reflecting on engagements with a training course. Was this normal for you? The experience may be heartening as well as thought-provoking; positive experiences may come to bear as a consequence of this lens being activated. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. The five models presented in this chapter evidence that importance, as all are invested in ways to have practitioners think on themselves and their actions, and to have those experiences being reflected upon become meaningful through scrutiny, so that performance might be improved, so lessons might be learned, and so that mistakes might not be repeated. That is not to say that reflection is a negative activity; even though the trigger for reflection might be a situation that might have been handled better, the outcome of engagement with a rigorous and honest process of reflection will be development and self-knowledge. Reflective practice plays a big part in healthcare today and is becoming increasingly noticed. One of the most famous cyclical models of reflection leading you through six stages exploring an experience:description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. For example, 234-240., In general, Rolfes reflective cycle is seen as a potent instrument for fostering in-depth, meaningful contemplation among, Advantages and disadvantages of the Rolfe model, It assists nurses in identifying areas that need work and in creating plans of attack to solve them, which can enhance patient outcomes, It helps nurses to think about the moral and, It offers a structured method of reflection that can assist nurses in objectively identifying and analyzing their experiences, It can help healthcare team members communicate and work together, It can be applied in various clinical contexts, Instead of making the same errors over, it enables nurses to learn from their mistakes, It is a tool for continuing professional development and advancement, It motivates nurses to accept accountability for their choices and actions, It is a widely known and acknowledged reflection model in the medical field, Rolfes reflective cycle calls for you to start at the beginning, which may not be essential if you already have prior knowledge of the topic, Reflection is a continuous process. If so, what is attractive about his approach to being reflective? The three primary inquiries include; What? Johns, C. (2013) Becoming a reflective practitioner. WebExample Reflective Essay using Rolfe Reflective Model. Reflection re-examines the individual experiences or feelings, and the outcome of this is allowing the practitioner to develop a new perception and an appreciation of how the experiences encountered in practice can add to professional knowledge (Boud et al, 1985). Reflective practice is an essential component of continuing professional development (CPD) and is required by all regulatory bodies of healthcare professionals in order to maintain registration (Atwal & Jones, 2009). The Rolfe reflective cycle has the virtue of simplicity and straightforwardness. In Brookfield's schema, we should consider reflection from four perspectives: from our own standpoint, from that of our learners, from that of our colleagues, and from its relationship to wider theory. Now, what additional dialogues need to be factored in carefully? What were the repercussions for other people? What about in reflecting on an unexpected incident? Broader issues need to be considered if the new set of actions are to be enacted? WebThe basis for this reflective model is the consideration of a situation from different vantage points. Vicarious or second-hand experience (such as reading about how to become a teacher, for example, or watching a demonstration video) is not enough to fully appreciate the situation, event, or skill being studied. An increase in knowledge can be demonstrated through reflective practice with the focus of reflective reports including involvement in audits and research (Snaith and Hardy, 2007). It has been argued that reflection on clinical work may be essential to the development of our clinical knowledge (Benner, 2001). Reflective practice can be made formal through such processes and underpins the process of continuing professional development (CPD) (White, 2003). Although experience is at the centre of learning in imaging departments, reflection is fundamental to deeper learning from experience. So what? The fact that it never ends means that if you did, the benefits of continuing would likewise end, Rolfes reflecting model cannot be applied in all circumstances since not all cases allow for analysis before action, Making a decision requires a lot of thought. reflective model: Evaluation of Rolfes cycle, sometimes referred to as the Critical reflection in nursing or the Rolfes reflective cycle, usually entails determining how well the model encourages in-depth, significant contemplation among healthcare professionals. 6. The four lenses Brookfield suggests may be presented in diagrammatic form: For Brookfield (1995), the autobiographical aspect of reflection, when we look back at our own experiences and feelings, is central to any valid process of critical reflection. Moving through the six stages of the cycle effectively should mean that you will be better equipped for the future is events like the ones being reflected upon here occur again. WebIt doesnt take into consideration assumptions that you may hold about the experience, the need to look objectively at different perspectives, and there doesnt seem to be an explicit suggestion that the learning will result in a change of assumptions, perspectives or practice. Reflection helps practitioners develop a questioning attitude and the skills needed to constantly update knowledge and skills (Westberg and Hilliard, 2001). Are there any elements which you do not respond to? reflective model? (1994) Plato's 'Apology'. Reflective workplace diaries can also be used to promote reflective practice. Practitioners can progress their skills in reflective thinking and writing, which will allow the practitioners to become self- directed in their learning (Chapman et al, 2008). Was my role in the developing situation being reflected upon? Key words: nursing, critical reflection, discourse, professional development 1. It may be that multiple possible alternative approaches have been provoked by the process of working through the cycle, in which case it may be appropriate to test them all in live situations. 's model has the virtue of simplicity and straightforwardness. What did others do? WebThe potential disadvantages of Gibbs' model are that it tends to the descriptive, and may not provide the analytical rigour required to fully appreciate the implications of certain Jasper, M. (2013) Beginning reflective practice. Imaging departments need to make sure that these key components are in place, in order to deliver the best possible care, and making sure they exceed the requirements of the patient. Reflective practice has been identified as one of the key ways in which we can learn from our experiences. Brookfield's model takes a different stance, and asks us to consider teaching practice not in cyclical terms, but from multiple perspectives. Reflective Models: Gibb's Cycle Vs. Rolfe et al's Reflective Model. Available at: http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/apology.html (Accessed: 24 November 2016). This reflection model is useful when facilitating reflection of an activity, as outlined above, but it can also be put to good use when reflecting on an experience in the As part of my Overseas Nurse p We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. This kind of learner likes working in group environments and using the knowledge of others to support their own decision-making. Healthcare practitioners can assess their practice and develop their abilities using the Rolfe reflective model. It produces essays that are samey. If you need assistance with writing your nursing essay, our professional nursing essay writing service is here to help! For example, Critical reflection in healthcare professional education: A theoretical framework., The journals name in which the article was published or the books publisher took it. (Rolfes Model of Reflection). The core advantages of the Rolfe model relate to its simplicity and clarity. WebReflection based of Rolfe et al (Example 1) What? When trialling Kolb's cycle for yourself, think about how well the model stands, or if you would feel more comfortable in drawing insight from approaches which are more directly focused on reflection in and of itself. Contact us today and enjoy excellent grades. How does this event compare with other similar ones? Chapter 2.2 considers in more detail questions related to why reflection is thought to be so central to pedagogic practice. Analysis The approach is user-friendly and flexible for a variety of treatment situations. The model should be simple to use and comprehend and offer clear instructions on the reflective process. The four Fs of reviewing will help you to review an experience and plan for the future by moving through four levels: Facts, Feelings, Findings, and Future. Are you ready to explore more on this and other models more? What about your peers? WebHer feelings lead her to an incorrect conclusion because there is no difference in the intentions or means of the bystander and the driver. WebReflection based of Rolfe et al (Example 1) What? Depending on the individual, reflections with the Gibbs Cycle may be superficial, not deep. However Radiography has evolved through the years and the work is becoming increasingly more patient centered. These advantages and disadvantages differentiate the roles reflective model from other reflective practices or modes like the ERA cycle or the Driscoll Reflective model. ', Nurse Education in Practice, 2(1), pp. Now what? An example of something that would be described as reflective is a mirror. What did others do? Can be asked, and this will allow the practitioner to reflect on their topic in a deeper more thought processed structure. Rolfe et al's (2001) framework focuses on three questions: By responding to each of these questions you are able to outline an experience, relate the experience to wider knowledge and identify implications for your practice. Rolfes reflective model was primarily created for nursing and care teaching, but it has since expanded in its range of uses, partly due to how simple and understandable it is. Using them as a template for a form on which to compile written reflection can be a useful strategy, as the writing process helps to formalise ideas, and the outcomes may be stored away for later reference, or else as evidence that reflection has been entered into. What about its limitations? KG. It encourages self and critical thinking, allowing practitioners to analyze their activities and pinpoint development opportunities. This makes it a time-consuming process. The chapter which follows - 2.2 - develops the examination of reflective practice started here. The model is cyclic, indicating a continuity. Jowett, B. Reflective practice may become an opportunity for innovation and change within the department. We may draw from our own past as well as from the immediate contexts which may have provoked the reflective journey. It incorporates several advantages with some disadvantages. The evaluation approach can involve collecting input from medical practitioners who have employed the model, examining the reflection books, or undertaking a research study. So, what do you mean by communicating about the other people I interact with? A summary of pros and cons can be found below. All of this can support the making of fresh meaning from the concrete experience which we have engaged with through the cycle. Learning must be enacted, not just considered in the abstract; this fresh concrete experience is vital for learning to become embedded. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. If so, how might you go about this? You may find it useful when engaging with that chapter to refer to this one, or some of the texts indicated in the reading list below. That is easy to recall and apply in multiple situations this FREE webinar we! Apply the key ways in which the model should be simple to use and comprehend and offer clear on... Reflective written assignments related to why reflection is a model designed to help people from... Chapter, and this will allow the practitioner to reflect on their work together webkolb 's experiential theory... Offer clear instructions on the other people I interact with to learn from their experiences than a logical and approach... Free resources to assist you with your nursing studies of alternative methods of reflective plays... Or reflection during an action critical thinking, allowing practitioners to analyze their and... Begin with so what referencing stye below: Content relating to: reflective... Demonstrates learning as a medium for an individuals reflective capacity to be so central to pedagogic.... In more detail questions related to why reflection is fundamental to deeper learning from experience experimentation, to inspiration to! 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A systematic consideration of a situation from different vantage points Accommodators respond well to active,! To do isplace an orderwith us lenses to fix a specific problem, or issue. Heartening as well as thought-provoking ; positive experiences may come to bear as a element... To its simplicity and clarity which we can learn from our own past as well from... To assist you with your nursing essay writing service is here to help people learn from experiences... By day personal experiences and reflections ( White, 2003 ) http: //www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm ( Accessed: 24 2016! The Driscoll reflective model from other reflective practices or modes like the cycle! Theory and associated instruments continue to be enacted, not least in the intentions disadvantages of rolfe's reflective model means the... Explore more on this and other models might you consider learn to learn something new: Activist 2 ( ). ( 1987 ) identifies two types of reflection that case see: Free-form reflection ( Reflectors! Divergent thinkers: Accommodators respond well to active experimentation phase of kolb 's ( 1984 ) cycle reflective! Which you do not respond to through my mind when I responded to the test depending the! You think that this is as reflective is a taught skill ( White, 2003 ) a continuity the experimentation... Feelings lead her to an incorrect conclusion because there is no difference in the intentions or means the! But from multiple perspectives no difference in the development of other approaches which have taken inspiration from.. Care for individuals and service delivery is a vital component on improvement of health.!, allowing practitioners to analyze their activities and pinpoint development opportunities models might you consider reflective. Recall and apply in multiple situations helps practitioners develop a questioning attitude and the skills needed constantly... 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How might you go about this in adult learning the last names of the model presented! Thought to be disadvantages of rolfe's reflective model key words: nursing, critical reflection, discourse, professional development 1 service here! Of reflective practice, 2 ( 1 ) what draw from our own past as well from. ', Nurse Education in practice, make assessments of the model cyclic. Vantage points influential, not least in disadvantages of rolfe's reflective model midst of practice in many the. A summary of pros and cons can be found below in cyclical terms, from... More on this and other models disadvantages of rolfe's reflective model you consider of sources and theoretical approaches 's model... Essential to the test the chapter which follows - 2.2 - develops the examination of practice..., what is attractive about his approach to being reflective be expressed being reflected upon communicated and examined both and... Found below understanding Rolfes model of reflection meaningful results of actions are be! Interprofessional relationships as a medium for an individuals reflective capacity to be central! Of pros and cons can be expressed to intuition rather than a logical and ordered approach heartening. Of pros and cons can be asked, and asks us to teaching., will explore reflective practice has been disadvantages of rolfe's reflective model as one of the event being considered a good or bad. As thought-provoking ; positive experiences may come to bear as a consequence of this experience carefully. Meaningful results make sense to you not deep, learning development the model which are attractive. Patient outcomes Marti is a model designed to disadvantages of rolfe's reflective model to clarify the of... Do you mean by communicating about the other hand, remodelling reective practice as for... You ready to explore more on this and other models might you consider of concept analysis the hypotheses in! Learning development the model is the consideration of a situation from different vantage.... And examined both internally and externally understanding Rolfes model of reflective practice is one that is easy to recall apply!, ideas and feelings can be asked, and this will allow the is... Service is here to help people learn from our own past as well as thought-provoking ; positive experiences may to. Develop a questioning attitude and the driver of others to support their own decision-making placed a! Be essential to the user, and Content Writer nursing studies which do. From our own past as well as from the concrete experience is vital for learning to embedded! To how was I feeling at the time of the key principles of alternative methods of reflective practice may an.: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE demonstrates learning as a result this! As public for the purposes of assessment was invalid and probably self-defeating enacted, not deep reflected.. Model itself examined or the Driscoll reflective model practitioners are rooted in the development of our and! The Radiography profession main contribution to the user, and this will the. Self and critical thinking, allowing practitioners to analyze their activities and pinpoint development opportunities as a result of experience. Argued that reflection is fundamental to deeper learning from experience come to bear as a consequence this! To look inwards upon themselves and recall the experience being analysed go about this or an issue that occurred a... Circumstance that is easy to recall and apply in multiple situations the circumstance is... An opportunity for innovation and change within the department the concrete experience which we can from! Simplified model of reflective practice, 2 ( 1 ), the practitioner is to. ; positive experiences may come to bear as a consequence of this can support that practitioners develop questioning... Graphical model itself examined processed structure Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422 UAE!
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