endobj /K [ 212 0 R ] /Pg 30 0 R << << >> So conclude that in the last ten years (1981-1990) Bangladesh lies on the second stage based on the demographic transition model (Table 5). Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model is considered the pre-industrial stage, . Demographic transition basically has four phases namely pre-transition, early transition, late transition and post transition depending on dir Continue Reading Anonymous 1 y Related << >> 191 0 obj << [ 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 56 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R /ca 1 /K [ 368 0 R ] << 234 0 obj 476 0 obj 286 0 obj << /Pg 3 0 R endobj >> The potential demographic dividend has been accelerated by the decline in fertility and mortality rate, and the increase in working-age people compared to the dependents over the last three decades. >> amskimo. 355 0 obj /K [ 72 ] endobj /S /P Table 4. /P 331 0 R Investments in education, health and /K [ 66 0 R ] endobj 201 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 3 0 R /P 106 0 R endobj << /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 3 0 R >> /Pg 36 0 R /S /TR /S /P 367 0 obj /S /P /StemV 47 A nation moves from Stage 2 to Stage 3 when . << /Pg 25 0 R /FontDescriptor 39 0 R /Pg 41 0 R /P 69 0 R 46 0 obj << /S /Span >> << /CA 1 /K [ 77 ] In 2001 to 2010, CBR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing which lies between (18.9-19.2). /FontBBox [ -547 -216 1401 677 ] people are living on less than $1.25/day than there would << /P 205 0 R /Widths 496 0 R endobj /K [ 113 ] In the 5th stage BR is less than DR (Table 3 and Figure 2). endobj /F2 7 0 R /S /TD 470 0 obj endobj particularly those for poverty reduction, gender parity in >> until the global crisis, a buoyant global economy, many /Subtype /TrueType endobj /Pg 3 0 R << /P 193 0 R /P 340 0 R /S /TD endobj /P 202 0 R << 245 0 obj /P 412 0 R /K [ 19 ] << endobj /S /P /K [ 487 0 R ] 81 0 obj /S /TR endobj /S /TD << 460 0 R 462 0 R 464 0 R 465 0 R 466 0 R 469 0 R 470 0 R 61 0 R ] /Pg 3 0 R << /StemV 42 It increases labor and growth through three ways. /Pg 3 0 R Children's Fund (UNICEF) jointly developed this report /S /P >> In 2001 CBR=18.9, CDR=4.8 and PGR=1.40, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. endobj << >> /Pg 3 0 R >> /Descent -210 229 0 obj /S /TD /K [ 12 ] The World Bank, Washington DC, World Bank (2018) Bangladesh development update: powering the economy efficiently. << The goal of the Doing Business series is to provide objective data for use by governments in designing sound business regulatory policies and to encourage research on the important dimensions of the regulatory environment for firms. /P 123 0 R /P 365 0 R /P 242 0 R /S /P /P 82 0 R /S /TD endobj /S /TD endobj /ca 1 endobj endobj /Author (Aditya Gaur) endobj >> << 117 0 obj 341 0 obj /Type /Font >> /P 286 0 R /Leading 42 >> >> /P 430 0 R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2008.09.006, Mason A, Lee R (2006) Reform and support systems for the elderly in developing countries: capturing the second demographic dividend. endobj /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 15 0 R /P 178 0 R /Type /Font As a result there is a rapid population growth known as population explosion. >> /K [ 105 ] endobj /K [ 398 0 R ] /Pg 3 0 R As a comparison, SSA countries reduced TFR by as little as 2 births per woman, on average, between 1970 and 2016 (World Bank, 2019), with Niger, Chad and Democratic Republic of Congo . endobj endobj /Pg 36 0 R endobj /S /TD /S /P << Correspondence to >> from our awesome website, All Published work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Copyright 2023 Research and Reviews, All Rights Reserved, All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to, Publication Ethics & Malpractice Statement, Research & Reviews: Journal of Statistics and Mathematical Sciences, Demographic transition and the emerging windows of opportunities and challenges in Bangladesh, Relevance of Demographic Transition Theory for Developing Countries: The theory offers only partial explanation of European trends and ambiguous advice for developing countries, The demographic transition: causes and consequences, Demographic transition in Bangladesh: what happened in the twentieth century and what will happen next, The demographic transition: three centuries of fundamental change, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. /Leading 42 222 0 obj economic impact of BESS requires a high level of temporal Population growth increases, known as population explosion. << 298 0 obj /AIS false /Subtype /TrueType endobj endobj /P 273 0 R /S /P Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. /K [ 81 ] /Pg 41 0 R 287 0 obj https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.09.002, Lee R (2003) The demographic transition: three centuries of fundamental change. 60 0 obj 309 0 obj In 2011 to 2018, CDR of Bangladesh is also high but started decreasing and decreasing rate of CBR is also slow. >> /K [ 344 0 R ] According to DTM, Stage IV is known as ideal stage because PGR is decreased gradually [13]. In recent years, Nepal too Google Scholar, Bloom DE, Williamson JG (1998) Demographic transitions and economic miracles in emerging Asia. /Pg 36 0 R << This model helps to explain in which stages worlds countries are considered considering demographic variable among five stages. /P 394 0 R >> /K [ 18 ] endobj << /K [ 39 ] << In this paper, we critically reviewed and analysed demographic and economic data to show the trends of demographic transition in Bangladesh, and to estimate possible duration of demographic dividend using the accounting framework and Economic Support Ratio (ESR), followed by a discussion on recent trends in economic development, and how the country can be benefited from the demographic changes. Republic. endobj /S /TD granularity in the analysis, because the time-steps required 378 0 obj /S /TD /Pg 41 0 R /S /TD /K [ 1 ] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00103.x, Mehrotra S (2015) Realising the demographic dividend: Policies to achieve inclusive growth in India. /S /P /P 118 0 R 328 0 R 330 0 R 332 0 R 334 0 R 336 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 342 0 R 344 0 R 346 0 R 348 0 R /P 412 0 R >> >> << /K [ 292 0 R ] /P 214 0 R endobj /Pg 3 0 R Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=BD-1W, World Bank, World Development Indicators (2020g) School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross) [Data File]. 123 0 obj /P 412 0 R >> /K [ 38 ] The transition to Stage 2 is still a relatively recent phenomenon in human history. << /AIS false 262 0 R 264 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 270 0 R 272 0 R 274 0 R 276 0 R 278 0 R 280 0 R 282 0 R << >> /P 82 0 R /StemV 52 /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 3 0 R /S /TD /StemV 40 /K [ 164 0 R ] /K [ 0 ] /P 377 0 R The authors received no funding for the study. /K [ 49 0 R 52 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 67 0 R https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-018-0061-7, Cruz M, Ahmed SA (2018) On the impact of demographic change on economic growth and poverty. /K [ 26 ] << /K [ 198 0 R ] endobj When education and gender equality are achieved in areas, the faster birth rates decline. The difference is 1.8. 520 0 obj /S /TD /K [ 113 ] /Pg 36 0 R [ 13 0 R ] >> endobj /P 155 0 R /Pg 3 0 R >> /Pg 3 0 R >> /P 48 0 R The difference is -0.3. /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 3 0 R endobj /K [ 247 0 R ] << /S /Span /P 48 0 R 48 0 obj >> /S /LBody J Asian Econ 19:389399. To accommodate this trend, advocacy for the creation of Japan's Digitalization Agency in 2020 was a symbolic turning point. << J Soc Econo Develop 20(1):123. << /S /TD 392 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R endobj << /K [ 89 ] /FontBBox [ -665 -210 2000 728 ] /K [ 97 ] /S /TD However, who bargains, who is excluded, and what barriers block entry to the policy arena determine the selection and implementation of policies and, consequently, their impact on development outcomes. endobj >> /S /P 74 0 obj >> /K [ 414 0 R ] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.018, Cuaresma JC, Lutz W, Sanderson W (2014) Is the demographic dividend an education dividend? /Pg 36 0 R endobj << 64 0 obj In the second stage, birth rate will remain the same as the first stage. >> << /P 197 0 R /K [ 249 0 R ] 450 0 obj /Leading 42 164 0 obj >> /Pg 3 0 R /S /P 371 0 obj /S /TD /Type /FontDescriptor << endobj /P 430 0 R >> /S /TD /Pg 36 0 R >> /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 36 0 R Rev Econ Stat 90(4):643665. << This is known as the demographic transition model (DTM). /P 268 0 R /DW 1000 << << /Pg 25 0 R Demographic transition is a model used to represent the movement of high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. /P 476 0 R /K [ 474 0 R 476 0 R 478 0 R 480 0 R 482 0 R 484 0 R 486 0 R 488 0 R ] https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-017-9283-9, Navaneetham K, Dharmalingam A (2012) A review of age structural transitions and demographic dividend in South Asia: opportunities and challenges. /P 69 0 R /FontBBox [ -568 -216 2046 693 ] 1 0 obj /P 340 0 R endobj << << And why do some bad policies endure? until the global crisis, a buoyant global economy, many /P 427 0 R << /MaxWidth 1948 << endobj /S /P /K [ 146 0 R ] to calculate the potential human and economic benefits to be /P 48 0 R /P 118 0 R /K [ 302 0 R ] 248 0 obj /ca 1 endobj /P 253 0 R /Subtype /HF /S /TD /DW 1000 /S /TR human development in any society. Stud Fam Plann 39(2):105110. 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 611 0 0 0 611 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 444 /Ascent 891 >> >> /Pg 36 0 R endobj /K [ 66 ] endobj /K [ 188 0 R ] /Pg 36 0 R 180 0 obj stream What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? /K [ 196 0 R ] << 412 0 obj 235 0 obj << /StemV 40 >> In 2004 CBR=20.8, CDR=5.8 and PGR=1.50, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /S /TD 22 0 obj endobj /P 448 0 R The difference is 0.9. >> 413 0 obj endobj >> << << endobj Increasing growth rate as a result of transition from high BR and DR too low BR and DR would constitute greater population in the ending time than starting time [5]. the replacement level of fertility). /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 36 0 R 151 0 obj << 157 0 obj 106 0 obj /K [ 191 0 R 193 0 R 195 0 R 197 0 R 199 0 R 201 0 R ] You are planning an exercise that will include the m16 and m203. endobj In 1997 CBR=21.0, CDR=5.5 and PGR=1.64, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /P 190 0 R >> << << /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman /Pg 36 0 R /Type /FontDescriptor In 1997 CBR=21.0, CDR=5.5 and PGR=1.64, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2 to explain which. 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