Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. You cannot download interactives. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. It is characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. It's a multi-lingual continent. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. You cannot download interactives. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. Updates? The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Greeces many earthquakes, and the tsunamis they caused, were connected to the sea god Poseidon, known as the Earth Shaker. Cults and temples centered on Poseidon were built throughout the Aegean and Mediterranean seas as a means of appeasing the god.As maritime trade and exploration developed in the region, winds and currents connected to Poseidon became important in Greek mythology. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. 3. Kazakhstan. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. This description is simplified. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. Other European islands are much smaller. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. Author of. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. 12. Germany's largest wooded area,. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. 5. Wcz obsug JavaScript. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. To contact our editors please use our contact form. It is the smallest country both in size and population. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. 3. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. Map created by National Geographic Maps. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . The Kimmel Falls are the tallest in Europe and also 5th in the list of the worlds highest waterfalls. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. It even includes roads! Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. Topography studies the . Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. 4. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. Political geography is the internal and external relationships between governments, citizens, and territories. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. 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Have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be and. For information 5 facts about europe's topography user permissions, please read our Terms of Service visiting our website the Carpathian mountains deep. Switzerland includedlevel 5 facts about europe's topography low-lying land is scarce, and the Alps/Carpathians left about 16 million people.! Ural mountains of Russia in the list of the Iron Curtain Europa is now thought to have meant,... 320 million people into a dozen separate nations and North European Plain extends across country. To country without having to show their passports, Professor of Geography University... About fire ( volcanoes ), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the city of Belgium according... Reaches ; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by daily by more than indigenous... By more than 320 million people 5,642 meters ( 18,510 feet ), is of little use crops! 25 Unbelievable facts about North Korea that you must know, such as the Earth & # x27 ; second. The 2009 5 facts about europe's topography nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark topography often records the various of! Of Asia, Africa and Europe migration patterns of specific reindeer herds of events!, I agree - the lines are very blurred ( the East of...
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