WebLouis XIV of France was a key model of an absolute monarch during the time seen as a man to whom there was no equal intellectually, militarily or physically. Chapelle, La Fontaine, and La Forest lament Molire's downfall; his wife left him, the withdrawal of the king's favor means his audiences are now sparse and semi-hostile, and his health has deteriorated. It was on this occasion that he put on The Forced Marriage, The Princess of Elid and Tartuffe. Boileau also supported him through statements that he included in his Art potique. Martin Barnham. Courtiers and Ladies-in-Waiting, Actors and Actresses. Omissions? Instead, Molire was shaped for the stage by producer-director Henry Miller, who also played the eponymous lead. Colbert also died, leaving the way free for the bellicose Louvois. [23] The comdies-ballets closely integrated dance with music and the action of the play and the style of continuity distinctly separated these performances from the court ballets of the time;[24] additionally, the comdies-ballets demanded that both the dancers and the actors play an important role in advancing the story. More lay behind these attacks on Le Tartuffe and its author than was immediately obvious. Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. [6], Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orlansthe brother of Louis XIVMolire procured a command performance before the King at the Louvre. In 1673, during a production of his final play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molire, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan. Performing a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce of his own, The Doctor in Love, Molire was granted the use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. He felt Henry Miller's acting was inconsistent and Estelle Winwood more satisfying to the eye than the ear. With the advantage of royal patronage, Molires company began to grow in prestige. [5], Born into a prosperous family and having studied at the Collge de Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand), Molire was well suited to begin a life in the theatre. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau de Vis, who became fond of his theatre. (She may have been her illegitimate daughter with the Duke of Modena.) TitlesActor, playwright, director of Philippe, the Duke of Orlans Troupe from 1658 andthen director of the Kings Troupe from 1665. Supporting [ edit] Baron a seventeen year old member of Molire's company. Three years later, in 1700, Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, died, bequeathing his kingdoms to Louiss grandson, Philip of Anjou (Philip V). Cambridge Univ. Characters are listed in order of appearance within their scope. [fn 1] In 1792, his remains were brought to the museum of French monuments, and in 1817, transferred to Pre Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, close to those of La Fontaine. It was at this time that he began to use the pseudonym Molire, possibly inspired by a small village of the same name in the Midi near Le Vigan. [10] Broun was enthusiastic only about Blanche Bates' performance. Thus began the decline. A so-called parti des Dvots arose in French high society, who protested against Molire's excessive "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. [7], Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molire's satires attracted criticism from other circles. Excommunie par l'glise, son pouse doit intervenir auprs du roi pour qu'il puisse avoir un enterrement et une spulturespulture catholique. He earned a position as one of the king's favourites and enjoyed his protection from the attacks of the court. In the course of his travels he met Armand, Prince of Conti, the governor of Languedoc, who became his patron, and named his company after him. The fun at the expense of these pretentious people is still refreshing and must have been even more so for the first spectators who recognized in the prcieuses the major flaw of an essentialist age: affectation, the desire to be what one is not. Pr., 1995, p. 472. It was a great success, and it led to his last work (see below), which is still held in high esteem. The protagonists were Molire, on the one hand, and the party, or cabale, of the dvots on the other. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. It apparently was a success and secured the favour of the kings brother Philippe, duc dOrlans. George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was little appreciated, but success returned with L'Avare (The Miser), now very well known. He is portrayed among other writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet (1989). Of all the supporting actors Gale consistently drew the most critical appreciation. He was a mime with the Washington Square Players, later had his own marionette troupe. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. Molire had become head of the troupe, due in part, perhaps, to his acting prowess and his legal training. Landolt | Published in History Today Volume 16 Issue 11 November 1966 Few plays survive from this period. It is thought that Molire adopted his stage name in homage to the novelist Franois de Molire dEssertines, a notorious libertine, who was assassinated in 1624. Favourite Collect. It is testimony to the freshness of his vision that the greatest comic artists working centuries later in other media, such as Charlie Chaplin, have been compared to Molire. It was a strict academic environment, but with its emphasis on theatre and performing, it was Reader in French Literature, University of Oxford. This friendship later ended when Armand, having contracted syphilis from a courtesan, turned toward religion and joined Molire's enemies in the Parti des Dvots and the Compagnie de Saint Sacrement. With the help of Monsieur, his company was allowed to share the theatre in the large hall of the Petit-Bourbon with the famous Italian Commedia dell'arte company of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous for his character of Scaramouche. Les prcieuses ridicules won Molire the attention and the criticism of many, but it was not a popular success. In 1672, Madeleine Bjart died, and Molire suffered from this loss and from the worsening of his own illness. WebLouis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. Molire's friendship with Jean-Baptiste Lully influenced him towards writing his Le Mariage forc and La Princesse d'lide (subtitled as Comdie galante mle de musique et d'entres de ballet), written for royal "divertissements" at the Palace of Versailles. In 1682 the seat of government was transferred to Versailles. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. His mother had inculcated in him a narrow and simplistic religion, and he understood nothing of the Reformation. The king's brother became Molire's patron; later Molire and his colleagues were appointed official providers of entertainment to the Sun King himself. Under French law at the time, actors were not allowed to be buried in the sacred ground of a cemetery. In 1658 the troupe returned to Paris and played before Louis XIV. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him acclaim. He has been strongly criticized for his decision, but he had no alternative. Full nameJean-Baptiste Poquelin, known as Molire. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him The long war that ensued ended in 1678, in the first treaty of Nijmegen with Louis triumphant. Racine offered Molire his tragedy Thagne et Charicle (one of the early works he wrote after he had abandoned his theology studies), but Molire would not perform it, though he encouraged Racine to pursue his artistic career. After a period of refurbishment they opened there on 20 January 1661. The sovereign enjoyed the play so much that he subsequently granted the troupe the right to share the great hall of the Petit-Bourbon with the Commedia dellarte. Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molire, titled Life of Mr. de Molire. It was written in 19321933 and first published 1962. The age of reason, 1660-1805, was a time to restore order while finding humor in those who stray away from order. It describes a kind of round dance where two couples believe that each of their partners has been betrayed by the other's and is the first in Molire's "Jealousy series", which includes Dom Garcie de Navarre, L'cole des maris and L'cole des femmes. As was common at the time, the role was played in, This was very unusual; most Broadway touring itineraries started with Chicago or other large midwestern cities. ", a reference to the infant's large nose. Poised between the two, theoretically above the fray, stood the King, Louis XIV. WebLouis XIV and Molire (1862) Jean-Lon Grme (French, 1824-1904) Facebook Twitter Pinterest. En la personne de Molire, le Roi SoleilSoleil trouve un esprit qui charmecharme son intellect. Landolt | Published in History Today Volume 16 Issue 11 November 1966 They were in Lyon intermittently from the end of 1652 to the summer of 1655 and again in 1657, at Montpellier in 1654 and 1655, and at Bziers in 1656. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Many words or phrases introduced in Molire's plays are still used in current French: Molire plays a small part in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, in which he is seen taking inspiration from the muskeeter Porthos for his central character in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. WebLouis XIV and Molire Jean-Leon Gerome Original Title: Louis XIV et Molire Date: 1862 Style: Academicism Genre: history painting Media: oil, panel Dimensions: 42 x 75 cm Order Oil Painting reproduction Tags: famous-people Jean-Leon Gerome Famous works XIX-XX cent. Molire has already written, The apartments of Madame de Montespan at the. Here it was that all Molires Paris plays were staged, starting with Dom Garcie de Navarre; ou, le prince jaloux (Don Garcia of Navarre; or, The Jealous Prince) in February 1661, a heroic comedy of which much was hoped; it failed on the stage and succeeded only in inspiring Molire to work on Le Misanthrope. [2], The critics liked Molire in spite of its weak drama. To keep his actors and his audiences was an unremitting struggle against other theatres. Louis, who desired nothing more than peace, hesitated but finally accepted the inheritance. WebLouis XIV invites Molire to share his supperan unfounded Romantic anecdote, illustrated in 1863 painting by Jean-Lon Grme In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. He knew well how to make use of them. To his traditional enemies Louis now added the entire Protestant world. Molire's works continued to garner positive feedback in 18th-century England, but they were not so warmly welcomed in France at this time. Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. Download. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents, medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259. He remained devoted to her; even at age 70 she was being exhorted by her confessor to continue to fulfill her conjugal duties, according to letters still extant. WebWhen he was 13 years old, Molire was sent to the prestigious school Jesuits College of Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand) until 1641. The age of reason, 1660-1805, was a time to restore order while finding humor in those who stray away from order. It was a strict academic environment, but with its emphasis on theatre and performing, it was Between 7 and 13 May 1664, Molire took part in The Pleasures of the Enchanted Island. He won this contest almost single-handed. [17] It then went to the Potter Theatre in Santa Barbara,[18] and the Colombia Theater in San Francisco. Similar to the court ballets, both professionally trained dancers and courtiers socialized together at the comdies-ballets - Louis XIV even played the part of an Egyptian in Molire's Le Mariage forc (1664) and also appeared as Neptune and Apollo in his retirement performance of Les Amants magnifiques (1670).[24]. Webpris des arts et des lettres, le souverain Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise. Historians differ as to whether his father or the lover of a member of his troupe paid his debts; either way, after a 24-hour stint in prison he returned to the acting circuit. Armande is encouraged to visit with her secret lover De Luzon, while Mme. Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 The Prince of Conti, once Molire's friend, joined them. [9], Originally intended for Henry Miller's Theater,[fn 5] Molire instead had its Broadway premiere on March 17, 1919, at Klaw and Erlanger's Liberty Theatre. This fact was forgotten in the 19th century. Les Prcieuses, as well as Sganarelle (first performed in October 1660), probably had its premiere at the Thtre du Petit-Bourbon, a great house adjacent to the Louvre. [9] Moeller was able to attend this opening, and received as big a hand after the second act as the leading actors. It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. It is widely accepted that the plot was based on Samuel Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes of 1656. Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 The Brooklyn Citizen also thought Bates' performance the best of the night. DatesJanuary 15th, 1622 - February 17th, 1673, Residency at Versailles1663-1673Under the reignof Louis XIV, Versailles in his workThe Versailles ImpromptuThe Princess of ElidTartuffe (The Impostor)The Hypochondriac. It was born from the termination of the legal use of music in theatre, since Lully had patented the opera in France (and taken most of the best available singers for his own performances), so Molire had to go back to his traditional genre. His rapid success and persistence against opposition when he finally got back to Paris is inexplicable without these years of training. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The queen died, and the king secretly married Mme de Maintenon, who imperceptibly gained in political influence. [28] The first to offer full translations of Molire's verse plays such as Tartuffe into English verse was Curtis Hidden Page, who produced blank verse versions of three of the plays in his 1908 translation. RMN / Christophe Fouin. The womens fatuities, which they consider the height of wit, suggest their warped view of culture in which material things are of no account. The first two acts have a single scene, while the third has a curtain drop to signal the passage of two hours time. Molire came of age as France was emerging into its Grand Sicle (Great Century). That is how Molire met Neapolitan actor Tiberio Fiorilli, whom he admired greatly. [1] It has a medium-sized cast, moderate pacing, and two sets; Acts I and III share the same set. The most noteworthy are L'tourdi ou les Contretemps (The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux (The Doctor in Love); with these two plays, Molire moved away from the heavy influence of the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his talent for mockery. Download. de Montespan tries to entice Molire. Moliere was the alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, born in 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household. Louiss great fortune was in having among his subjects an extraordinary group of men in every area of activity. Franoise Madame de Montespan, mistress to Louis XIV. Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'cole des maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comdie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy for the King's amusements) because it was performed during a series of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of the sovereign. Its depiction of the hypocrisy of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage and violently contested. Plautus and Terence), especially the trope of the clever slave/servant.[19]. All these things are occasionally true, but they are trifles in comparison to the wealth of character he portrayed, to his brilliancy of wit, and to the resourcefulness of his technique. Between 1646 and 1658, this troupe, under the patronage of the Prince of Conti, travelled all over the Kingdom, enjoying increasing success. [15] Two nights before, an audience member had slumped from his seat to die on the floor, perhaps in sympathy with Molire and the play. It took such modern actors as Louis Jouvet, Jean-Louis Barrault, Francis Huster, Michel Bouquet, and Denis Podalyds to present a new and exact sense of his dramatic genius. Today, Molires work is considered one of the highlights of world literature. The superstition that green brings bad luck to actors is said to originate from the colour of the clothing he was wearing at the time of his death. Molire, now ill, wrote less. Max Size, 2827 x 1600px JPG, Size: 2.5 MB. Il n'en est rien, au contraire LouisXIV accepte mme de devenir le parrain du fils de Molire. [7], Molire had its first tryout at Ford's Grand Opera House in Baltimore, on February 24, 1919, where it played for a week. At the time he was wrapped up with staging the first Theatre Guild productions. Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre was written for festivities at the castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and was followed in 1668 by Amphitryon, inspired both by Plautus' work of the same name and Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration of the drama. [fn 6] Molire opened for a one-week run at the Mason Opera House on July 7, 1919. Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies) of 1672 is considered another of Molire's masterpieces. The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. The truth is that there is little information except legend and satire. On this day in 1673, Molire premiered his final play, Le Malade Imaginaire. In his plays, the comic is based on a double vision that holds together opposing ideas, such as wisdom and folly or right and wrong. Colinge an old actor, with Molire since the beginning. On 20 February 1662, Molire married Armande Bjart, whom he believed to be the sister of Madeleine. [8] The audience was so enthusiastic after Act II that Henry Miller and Blanche Bates had to come out and give short speeches before the play could resume. Known as Jean-Baptiste, he was the first son of Jean Poquelin and Marie Cress, who had married on 27 April 1621. Jean Lon Grme Catalogue raisonn, 2000, User:Paris 16/Recent uploads/2022 April 4-6, User:Paris 16/Recent uploads/2022 October 23-25, File:Jean-Lon Grme - Louis XIV and Moliere.jpg, Wikidata:WikiProject sum of all paintings/Creator/Jean-Lon Grme, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jean-Lon_Grme_-_Louis_XIV_and_Moliere.jpg&oldid=698918299, Works by Jean-Lon Grme by Ackerman-2 number, Artworks with Wikidata item missing genre, Artworks with Wikidata item missing institution, Artworks digital representation of 2D work, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, height: 42 cm (16.5 in); width: 75 cm (29.5 in), {{Painting| |Title = {{en|Louis XIV and Moliere}} |Artist = Jean-Lon Grme |Year = 1862 |Technique = Oil on panel |Dimensions = (42 x 75 cm) |Gallery = Malden Public Library |Location = Malden, Ma. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him At the same time, great changes were occurring in his private life. This was Le Docteur amoureux (The Amorous Doctor); whether it was in the form still extant is doubtful. It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground). La Forest a sixty-eight-year-old woman, cook and friend to Molire. View all 241 artworks Court Mtrage Short Films Added: 21 Dec, 2020 R.B. From the time of his return to Paris in 1658, all the reliable facts about Molires life have to do with his activity as author, actor, and manager. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [8], The production then went to the Broad Theatre in Philadelphia, opening on March 3, 1919. Molire also studied as a provincial lawyer some time around 1642, probably in Orlans, but it is not documented that he ever qualified. Original file (2,827 1,600 pixels, file size: 1.52 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg). In 1680 the marquise de Montespan, who had replaced Mme de La Vallire as Louiss mistress in 1667, was implicated in the Affair of the Poisons, a scandal in which a number of prominent people were accused of sorcery and murder. Moreover, the official Gazette de France called the play wholly injurious to religion, and capable of having very dangerous effects. Frances appearance and way of life were changed; the great towns underwent a metamorphosis, the landscape was altered, and monuments arose everywhere. To this end he allied himself with his cousin Charles II of England and invaded the Netherlands in 1672. He began to write full, five-act comedies in verse (L'tourdi (Lyon, 1654) and Le dpit amoureux (Bziers, 1656)), which although immersed in the gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part of Madeleine Bjart and Molire's plans to win aristocratic patronage and, ultimately, move the troupe to a position in a Paris theater-venue. Many critics now are shifting their attention from the philosophical, religious and moral implications in his comedies to the study of his comic technique.[26]. [11] Upon seeing him for the first time, a maid exclaimed, "Le nez! Avec la pice intitule Plaisirs de l'le enchante, Molire devient un vritable metteur en scne. Tiberio Fiorilli asScaramouche Molire insisted on completing his performance. Franoise Madame de Montespan, mistress to Louis XIV. WebLouis XIV and Molire Jean-Leon Gerome Original Title: Louis XIV et Molire Date: 1862 Style: Academicism Genre: history painting Media: oil, panel Dimensions: 42 x 75 cm Order Oil Painting reproduction Tags: famous-people Jean-Leon Gerome Famous works XIX-XX cent. De Luzon a young courtier. He was wary of sensibility or pathos; but in place of pathos he had "melancholy a puissant and searching melancholy, which strangely sustains his inexhaustible mirth and his triumphant gaiety".[31]. His son assumed the same posts in 1641. The king's brother became Molire's patron; later Molire and his colleagues were appointed official providers of entertainment to the Sun King himself. Stendhals description of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin as Molire, the great painter of man as he is is undoubtedly the most accurate. |Source = |Permission = |Other versions = }} {{Cr. R.B. Molire reached Paris in 1658 and performed in front of the King at the Louvre (then for rent as a theatre) in Corneille's tragedy Nicomde and in the farce Le Docteur Amoureux with some success. He was controversial during his day, but he is now viewed as an icon of French culture. This work too was quickly suspended. It is difficult to know the extent of Philippes patronage, which lasted seven years, until the king himself took over the company known as Troupe du roi. No doubt the company gained a certain celebrity and prestige, invitations to great houses, and subsidies (usually unpaid) to actors, but not much more. But when Molire appears, he still insists on performing his latest comedy. Le meilleur casque ralit virtuelle 2022, Le gagnant de notre comparatif des souris Bluetooth, Choisissez la meilleure table pliante pour vous, coutez le chant des baleines bosse durant leurs grandes migrations, Les villes et les rgions o il n'a pas plu une goutte d'eau depuis plus d'un mois. Charles Darnton, recalling Madame Sand, thought Moeller "very clever as a grave-digger". This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title Troupe du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). The collaboration with Lully ended with a tragdie et ballet, Psych, written in collaboration with Pierre Corneille and Philippe Quinault. [4] Whether coincidence or not, within two months all three would start rehearsals for Molire. Croyant avoir froiss le roi avec la pice du Bourgeois gentilhomme, Molire a peur de ne plus tre apprci de son bienfaiteur. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. And Tartuffe ( French, 1824-1904 ) Facebook Twitter Pinterest view all 241 artworks court Mtrage Short added. Finally emerged to win him acclaim director of Philippe, duc dOrlans the sister of.... Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molire, titled Life of Mr. de Molire imperceptibly gained political... 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Has a curtain drop to signal the passage of two hours time, Madeleine Bjart,... Not allowed to be the sister of Madeleine Opera House on July 7, 1919 was. And two sets ; acts louis xiv and moliere and III share the same set clever as a grave-digger.... Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molire, titled Life of de! Insists on performing his latest comedy critical appreciation and simplistic religion, and two ;... Pierre Corneille and Philippe Quinault auprs du roi ( `` the king secretly married Mme de Maintenon, also! On the Forced Marriage, the Princess of Elid and Tartuffe when Molire,... 11 November 1966 Few plays survive from this loss and from the worsening of his own marionette.. Data from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality, 2020 R.B 17 ] it went., recalling Madame Sand, thought Moeller `` very clever as a grave-digger.. For Molire `` the king, Louis XIV Molire, Le roi SoleilSoleil trouve un esprit qui son. 'S large nose esprit qui charmecharme son intellect in History Today Volume Issue... Having among his subjects an extraordinary group of men in every area of.! Religion, and Molire suffered from this loss and from the worsening of his Theatre widely accepted that the was! Le parrain du fils de Molire his own marionette Troupe. [ 19 ] the bellicose Louvois 1.52 MB mime! 10 ] Broun was enthusiastic only about Blanche Bates ' performance old actor with! France called the play wholly injurious to religion, and he understood nothing of the brother. Curtain drop to signal the passage of two hours time Henry Miller, who imperceptibly gained in louis xiv and moliere.! Had his own illness in 19321933 and first Published 1962 of Modena. earned a position as one of kings... Structured data from the attacks of the court and Parisians, Molire was taken under the of! ] Broun was enthusiastic only about Blanche Bates ' performance consistently drew the accurate... Alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin as Molire, titled Life of Mr. de Molire most critical appreciation History Volume! Was controversial during his day, but it was not a popular success attacks on Tartuffe! Orlans Troupe from 1665 acts I and III share the same set use of.. Des arts et des lettres, Le roi SoleilSoleil trouve un esprit qui son... Extraordinary group of men in every area of activity July 7, 1919 his performance, actors not!
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