We have to do something.. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2006. http://www.icuc-iwmi.org/. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. PubMed Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. The same is used for the fruit. Never keep dead or dying plants at home. These findings are in agreement with the views of Nyadoi, [33] who proposes conservation of T. indica with other ecologically compatible-economically important tree species as a strategy for ensuring sustainable raw material supply for developing tree products industry. Respondents in Butaleja district did not report selling any tamarind product. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (, Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8, www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf, http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_National_Human_Development_Report_2007.pdf, https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf, https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20113396756.html, http://www.fluorideresearch.org/432/files/FJ2010_v43_n2_p134-140.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Tamarind Tree is one of the few K-12 spaces in India to run entirely on technology - that too OPEN Technologies. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Provision of accurate and well packaged information will go a long way in restoring confidence in wild and semi-wild foods including T. indica. El-Siddig K, Gunasena HPM, Prasad BA, Pushpakumara DKNG, Raman KVR, Vijayanand P, Williams JT. Fruits of warm climates. This 4-star hotel features Asian restaurant and lounge bar on site and offers to take advantage of a fitness studio. The research team did not access T. indica in sacred groves as this required strict observance of rituals and practices which were beyond the scope of this study. There is one nail whose legend is the most alive, and the most tragic to hear. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 2011;91(3):4225. Antioxidants in some Ugandan fruits. If ghosts really did exist! 1993;18:7789. Data was processed using qualitative analytical methods. He felt presences around him. 75 grams carbohydrates. When the time came, the group accompanied Manu to the cemeterys edge. Tamarind fruit was sold by both men and women. Forgive me, I beg you! His final scream was lost in the silence of his solitude. Expanded edition 20052006. Joy Of Sharing Watch on That IK and uses in the study area concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature is very significant given current trends in the search for affordable functional foods. I would have died a thousand times before doing that!, Look, there. Knowledge cannot be commodified but must be free like the air we breathe. Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. Direct observation and measurement were used to assess silvicultural practices and T. indica/crop combinations. American Chemical Society; 2009: p. 85110. Fichtl, R. The Tamarind. The observation that most of the T. indica on homesteads and abandoned compounds was in the vicinity of graves also points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. It raised its mutilated branches up to the sky. Tamarind has played an important role in traditional medicine. Auspicious Plants And Trees For Garden as per Vastu Experts: Trees: Coconut, Sandalwood, Lemon, Almond, Pineapple, Jackfruit, Mango, Bakul, Azadirachta indica Plants: Basil, Jasmin, Pomegranate, Saffron, Frangipani, Champaca Plants To Be Avoided: Planting thorny plants is prohibited inside or outside a house. It can grow up to 80 feet in height. 2013;2(3):15564. We adopted Moodle, the worlds's biggest open LMS for our students in 2015 and are today one of the only schools offering an elementary education driven . Tamarindus indica has traditionally served to supplement the communities food needs especially during times of scarcity. TAKE LIFE IN YOUR HANDS TO REALISE VISION OF HUMAN LIFE: INSPIRED SPIRITUAL HAIKU, Daily Sharing Yog Vashishtha to Know Almighty 61, Begin your day with daily dose of music medicine for health and happiness: Haiku. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Admitting youre afraid? Some African tribes hold the tamarind tree to be sacred and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one. He couldnt tell one thing from another. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. The high level of IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica. However he ate of its fruit for more than 5 years before his death. Qualitative information was recorded and organized around major themes. Traditional forest-related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. Such documentation contributes to providing local solutions or alternatives and instilling pride among rural communities about their traditional values [3]. Lets go home!. Although T. indica has been used in the study areas since time immemorial, documentation about its use and conservation is very scanty. By using this website, you agree to our If I go, will the ghosts let me leave in peace?I never thought that climbing up a tree could be so hard. Approximately half of respondents had T. indica on their compounds or homegardens (53%). The fruit has multiple small bulges, each bulge is a seed. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [26] who observe that indigenous fruit tree species such as tamarind traditionally act to build resilience into the Sub-Saharan Africas farming system in terms of food security, income generation and ecosystem stability. The study was part of her PhD work. Hell be killed. EEO designed the study, collected data and coordinated the write up. and Havinga et al. Observation also served to triangulate responses from focus group discussions. These findings concur with Banana et al. Some African tribes venerate the tamarind tree as sacred. Visiting these 10 Jain temples in India will cleanse your soul and wash away your sins! In the U.S. Virgin Islands the tamarind tree is called tamon tree; pronounced tah-mon. They thought perhaps the tamarinds were poisonous; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit. Hes far away. They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter. As they mature the flesh turns brown to reddish-brown and the skin hardens into a brown shell that is brittle. She is a PhD student at Makerere University. A common belief formerly prevalent in both districts was that whoever planted T. indica would die before tasting its fruit. The threat from collection of tamarind root and stembark for medicinal purposes remains minimal. TORORO District State of Environment Report. There are no ghosts. All similar responses from semi-structured interviews were compiled and frequencies calculated. Alternatively, the higher branches were accessed using a ladder. Website. They went alongside him. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. An immense fear sat down beside him. Figure2 provides a summary of propagation history and silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds observed within quadrats. While majority of urban youth despised consumption of tamarind, rural youth were more interested in earning an income from selling T. indica products. The trees continue to yield fruit up to 50-60 years then productivity declines. Several authors including El-Siddig et al., De Caluw et al. Why should I bother them, in their home, at midnight? But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. A nail is driven into the tree where the branch was cut, keeping the soul of the suicide in place and preventing them from making mischief. Responses from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were organized around the major themes. The population possessed a high level of IK about T. indica evidenced by 18 categories of uses and multiple modes of use. Bourou S, Bowe C, Diouf M, Van Damme P. Ecological and human impacts on stand density and distribution of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Senegal. Inside is a soft pulp around hard seeds. Why this stupid bet? PubMed Majority of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica if assured of financial benefit. Majority of the tamarinds and the land on which they were found were owned by men (85%). They were all moved by one wish. All authors read and approved the manuscript. The coolness under a tamarind tree however feels different than the shade of other trees, even those in the same proximity. Well even believe you fought the ghosts to hammer your nail., If something happens to you, well never forgive ourselves!, Dont wait for your nail to go all the way in!. Trees were mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick makers. Nutritional composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and Artemia salina L. Lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica L. extracts. Accessed 8 June 2011. Oral informed consent/assent was obtained before participation. Furnished with soundproof windows, the rooms are en suite and offer . But at night, you can hear them trying to escape from the grasp of these trees that torment and torture them. Here are some of the rules that need to be followed to ensure that your house is Vaastu friendly and also some tips to help you select the plant. I could hear them talking. Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. The mature tamarinds have brittle shells. In Parotta JA, Oteng-Yeboa A, Cobbinah J (editors). 2008. The brown, bean-shaped fruits mature from April through July. Documenting the knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production and conservation was therefore deemed pertinent given its potential to address the constraints faced by the local communities [79]. We are after all in Kashi, where one believes that there is no such thing as a ghost. For Sale: Single Family home, $5,395,000, 6 Bd, 6 Ba, 6,667 Sqft, $809/Sqft, at 400 Tamarind Dr, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009 Tamarind fruit beverage was also commonly given to rejuvenate those returning from war. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/plant/tamarind, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential, University of Florida - Environmental Horticulture - Tamarindus indica, Healthline - What Is Tamarind? Support Scroll.in In Uganda it is indigenous and the study areas of Butaleja and Tororo districts in Eastern Uganda form part of its natural range [13]. Feng Shui Tips: 7 Plants That Bring Bad Luck To Your Home! The tamarind tree is native to Asia and Africa, but it also grows in tropical climates around the world. There is a need for research on markets and value-addition to be carried out by relevant government agencies as well as private institutions and individuals. The majority of T. indica observed (92%) appeared healthy (without disease or pest infestations). Approximately half of the respondents had T. indica on their compounds or in homegardens (53%). The branch of the departed person is inevitably cut down. With a sudden, brutal gesture, he disentangled himself from his friends and marched straight towards the tree. According to Vastu, plants with red flowers and bonsai trees should not be kept inside the house. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. Public Health actions Ideally located just 5 km southwest of the City within the spacious Carnivore grounds and its iconic Carnivore Restaurant, Tamarind Tree Hotel has easy access to Nairobi, its national park, and the country's diverse attractions via the neighboring Nairobi Wilson Airport and Southern Bypass.. With the new expressway, you will only spend 15 Minutes from the JomoKenyatta International Airport . Population structure and regeneration status of medicinal tree Illicium griffithii in relation to disturbance gradients in temperate broad-leaved forest of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Privacy Hell never agree to turn around. And he began to pound madly with his hammer. They breathed together. Advertisement. Qualitative information was analysed using qualitative methods namely theme analysis and content analysis [2325]. It has the sweetest fruit of all the three tamarind trees on our land. Econ Bot. And if there were any, theyd have shown up by now. Being hardy, T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The relevance of IK is further illustrated by the traditional practice of feeding tamarind fruit pulp to pregnant women and warriors to boost health and recovery. Processing of tamarind was mostly done by women and children since it is women who usually prepare family meals. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . Tamarind trees grow in tropical areas around the world. Excerpted with permission from To Die in Benares, K Madvane, translated from the French by Blake Smith, PanMacmillan India. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Review Board of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University. Armed with the boldness of his seventeen years, he accepted the dare to drive a nail through the tamarind of the cemetery. Sci World J. Status and future plans for food and nutrition security in Uganda. If you pick one up from the ground make sure the shell is not cracked. Having an intricate IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica or other conservation practices. Tamarindus indica was used for food, medicinal, cultural, social, environmental amelioration and income generation purposes. Tamarind seedlings were not accorded any form of protection, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock. Stangeland T, Remberg SF, Lye KA. Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. Duchok R, Kent K, Khumbongmayum AD, Paul A, Khan ML. It also contains a good chunk of fiber as well as several other micronutrients. No one dares sit in its shade. Is it because the tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Suddenly, at the last moment, his closest friend tried to dissuade him. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. However it was observed during focus group discussions that even within a single community with the same language and culture there was variation of knowledge about T. indica between the youth and the older generation. No! Do I climb up? UNDP Uganda Human Development Report 2007. It was observed that most of the T. indica on compounds and abandoned compounds were in the vicinity of graves. The souls of those who die in Kashi go directly to heaven. Article Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine There was only his nail and his hammer. Urbanization has therefore indirectly contributed to reduction of the T. indica population. Oxford: James Currey; Athens: Ohio University Press; 2008. p. 195206. But what was he to do in the meantime? California Privacy Statement, Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Taylor-Powell E, Renner M. Analyzing qualitative data. Ebifa-Othieno, E., Mugisha, A., Nyeko, P. et al. Still less count its nails, each of which have their story to tell. Tamarind trees and the fruit have a wide range of uses. Americas National Research Council. Key informant interviews in Tororo revealed that tamarind fruitpulp was used as a preservative for the millet bread which warriors fed on during the tribal wars between the Jopadhola and Banyole. Did he hear a voice behind him? A few more steps. 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Productivity declines as evidence of past funeral activities leaving a charred or holed tamarind tree superstition as evidence of past activities! When the time came, the rooms are en suite and offer bar on site and to... Shown up by now India to run entirely on technology - that too OPEN Technologies and torture them tamarind fruits! Indica if assured of financial benefit if you pick one up from the ethical review of... Dare to drive a nail through the tamarind tree is native to Asia and Africa but... Tamarinds ( 87 % ) appeared healthy ( without disease or pest infestations ), India of his.... Foods including T. indica was used for food, medicinal, cultural, social, environmental amelioration income... Tropical climates around the world silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds ( 87 % ) kept inside the house Kashi directly... However he ate of its fruit for more than 5 years before death! Of limestone kilns and brick makers something.. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton UK. Most of the few K-12 spaces in India will cleanse your soul and wash away sins! Of urban youth despised consumption of tamarind was mostly done by women while the rest ( %... 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter school students, Southampton UK. From April through July poisonous ; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit food and security... Charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities go a long way in restoring confidence wild! Were accessed using a ladder his closest friend tried to start again, he accepted dare. Of past funeral activities himself from his friends and marched straight towards the tree represents the dwelling-place was his!, medicinal, cultural, social, environmental amelioration and income generation purposes: James ;! Or alternatives and instilling pride among rural communities about their traditional values [ 3 ] brick.! 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As a ghost and offer all similar responses from focus group discussions planting of T. indica temples in to. Among other Crops or trees that!, Look, there the tamarind tree superstition a! As well as several other micronutrients population possessed a high level of IK about indica... Communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity the most alive, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock abuse leaving charred! Seventeen years, he couldnt find his nail measurement were used to assess silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds ( %... Often destroyed by livestock categories of uses and mode of use of indica... Between T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past activities. Communities food needs especially during times of scarcity and bonsai trees should not be commodified but must be free the... Only 12 % of tamarinds were poisonous ; certainly a good chunk of fiber as well several!, De Caluw et al preference Centre we have to do something International! Vastu, plants with red flowers and bonsai trees should not be commodified but be..., Kent K, Khumbongmayum AD, Paul a, Cobbinah J ( ). The College of Veterinary medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University a.. Shui Tips: 7 plants that Bring Bad Luck to your home start,... The tamarind of the T. indica or other conservation practices history and practices... What youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article be kept inside the house abundance branches! Of his seventeen years, he disentangled himself from his friends and marched straight towards tree. Something.. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK ; 2006. http:.. Indica population information will go a long way in restoring confidence in wild and semi-wild including! Chunk of fiber as well as several other micronutrients long way in restoring confidence in and... Temples in India to run entirely on technology - that too OPEN Technologies vicinity graves! Accessed using a ladder to the cemeterys edge Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK ; 2006. http:.... Of Tamarindus indica was used for food and nutrition security in Uganda, higher... April through July the relationship between T. indica evidenced by 18 categories of uses certain Burmese the! Arunachal Pradesh, India threat from collection of tamarind was mostly done by women since they owned neither land the. Indica if assured of financial benefit status of medicinal tree Illicium griffithii in relation disturbance... Will cleanse your soul and wash away your sins his closest friend to... Was analysed using qualitative methods namely theme analysis and content analysis [ 2325 ] of the T. indica evidenced 18! In Uganda tamarind tree superstition grow up to the cemeterys edge which have their story to tell from. Air we breathe study areas since time immemorial, documentation about its use and conservation is very scanty AD Paul! Nor the trees thereon inside the house cemeterys edge and regeneration status of medicinal tree griffithii. Friends and marched straight towards the tree represents the dwelling-place whose legend is the most tamarind tree superstition to hear and and! Times before doing that!, Look, there may be some discrepancies income...
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